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In response to rising interest in personalized and targeted therapies, stem cell–based approaches are pursued as translational options leveraging tumor-homing behavior and anti-cancer effects. This review highlights interactions between cancer and key stem cell types including MSC, iPSC, iMSC, and CSC, with emphasis on paracrine signaling and exosomal miRNA communication in the tumor microenvironment and how exosomal miRNA from CSC may support recurrence and metastatic spread as a route toward non-cell-based therapy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/stem-cells-for-cancer-therapy-translating-the-uncertainties-and-possibilities-of-stem-cell-properties-into-opportunities-for-effective-cancer-therapy/384391/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/stem-cells-for-cancer-therapy-translating-the-uncertainties-and-possibilities-of-stem-cell-properties-into-opportunities-for-effective-cancer-therapy/384391.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"OmBimo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are stem cells considered promising for cancer therapy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Stem cell approaches are pursued because they can home to tumors and exhibit anti-cancer properties. Their therapeutic effects are also linked to paracrine signaling and exosomal cargo interactions with cancer cells.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which stem cell types are emphasized in this review?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review focuses on mesenchymal stroma/stem cells (MSC), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), iPSC-derived MSC (iMSC), and cancer stem cells (CSC). It discusses how each relates to tumor interaction and therapeutic potential.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do exosomal miRNAs contribute to cancer progression and therapy potential?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"MSC and iMSC can release exosomal miRNAs that interact within the tumor microenvironment, supporting therapeutic effects as delivery agents. 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Stem Cells for Cancer Therapy: Translating the Uncertainties and Possibilities of Stem Cell Properties into Opportunities for Effective Cancer Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 1012. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/ijms24021012](10.3390/ijms24021012)  \nAcademic Editors: Margherita Maioli and Sara Cruciani  \nReceived: 8 December 2022  \nRevised: 26 December 2022  \nAccepted: 28 December 2022  \nPublished: 5 January 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia  \n2 Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia  \n3 China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang 43900, Malaysia  \n4 National Cancer Council (MAKNA), Kuala Lumpur 54000, Malaysia  \n* Correspondence: [onghk@utar.edu.my](onghk@utar.edu.my)  \nAbstract: Cancer recurrence and drug resistance following treatment, as well as metastatic forms of cancer, are trends that are commonly encountered in cancer management. Amidst the growing popularity of personalized medicine and targeted therapy as effective cancer treatment, studies involving the use of stem cells in cancer therapy are gaining ground as promising translational treatment options that are actively pursued by researchers due to their unique tumor-homing activities and anti-cancer properties. Therefore, this review will highlight cancer interactions with commonly studied stem cell types, namely, mesenchymal stroma/stem cells (MSC), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), iPSC-derived MSC (iMSC), and cancer stem cells (CSC) . A particular focus will be on the effects of paracrine signaling activities and exosomal miRNA interaction released by MSC and iMSCs within the tumor microenvironment (TME) along with their therapeutic potential as anti-cancer delivery agents. Similarly, the role of exosomal miRNA released by CSCs will be further discussed in the context of its role in cancer recurrence and metastatic spread, which leads to a better understanding of how such exosomal miRNA could be used as potential forms of non-cell-based cancer therapy.  \nKeywords: MSC; iPSC; iMSC; CSC; exosomes; miRNA; paracrine factors  \n1. Introduction  \nOver the past decade, registered clinical trials involving the use of MSC, IPSC, and CSC in cancer therapy have grown, and more recently, iMSC was added to the list. In the midst of the controversial reputation of MSC cells in the world of cancer studies, the therapeutic roles such as their tumor-homing capabilities, paracrine signaling activities, and delivery of exosomal microRNA (miRNA) cargo are well-known mechanisms employed by these cell types in communicating with cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment (TMC) . In addition, with more reliable iPSC generated through non-viral and non-integrated reprogramming platforms, a breath of new options for more stable pluripotent cells and their derivatives are obtainable. One such candidate is MSC generated though differentiation of fully reprogrammed cells (iMSC) which may potentially offer another alternative cell type that compensates for the heterogeneity and scalability issues of ","cbCaijM30bgvgohy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijM30bgvgohy","pdf",1030224,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n## MSC in cancer therapy and related controversies\n## iPSC, iMSC, and cancer stem cells as models and therapeutic candidates\n# Mesenchymal Stroma/Stem Cells (MSC) and Cancer\n## MSC definition and clinical relevance\n## MSC homing and paracrine interaction with cancer","[{\"question\":\"Why are stem cells considered promising for cancer therapy?\",\"answer\":\"Stem cell approaches are pursued because they can home to tumors and exhibit anti-cancer properties. Their therapeutic effects are also linked to paracrine signaling and exosomal cargo interactions with cancer cells.\"},{\"question\":\"Which stem cell types are emphasized in this review?\",\"answer\":\"The review focuses on mesenchymal stroma/stem cells (MSC), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), iPSC-derived MSC (iMSC), and cancer stem cells (CSC). It discusses how each relates to tumor interaction and therapeutic potential.\"},{\"question\":\"How do exosomal miRNAs contribute to cancer progression and therapy potential?\",\"answer\":\"MSC and iMSC can release exosomal miRNAs that interact within the tumor microenvironment, supporting therapeutic effects as delivery agents. Exosomal miRNAs from CSC are also discussed in relation to cancer recurrence and metastatic spread, suggesting routes for non-cell-based therapy.\"}]","Stem Cells for Cancer Therapy - Translating the Uncertainties and Possibilities of Stem Cell Properties into Opportunities for Effective Cancer Therapy | PDF",1790263035]