[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-426453-105":59,"doc-detail-426453-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","statistical-learning-in-infancy-predicts-vocabulary-size-in-toddlerhood","Statistical learning in infancy predicts vocabulary size in toddlerhood","","During the first 2 years of life, an infant’s vocabulary expands rapidly, yet the mechanisms are not fully understood. This study examined how three early learning challenges—sequence learning, associative learning, and probability processing—relate to later vocabulary. Longitudinal eye-tracking data from 118 infants assessed abilities at 6, 10, and 18 months, with performance predicting vocabulary size at 18 months. Audio–visual association and sequence prediction accounted for 20% of the variance, indicating domain-specific statistical learning roles.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/statistical-learning-in-infancy-predicts-vocabulary-size-in-toddlerhood/426453/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/statistical-learning-in-infancy-predicts-vocabulary-size-in-toddlerhood/426453.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Bintang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-14","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What learning abilities were tested in the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study tested sequence learning, associative learning, and probability processing abilities in infants.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were infants’ abilities measured across time?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Longitudinal eye-tracking data were collected when infants were 6, 10, and 18 months old.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which statistical learning abilities predicted toddler vocabulary size?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The ability to make audio–visual associations and to predict sequences of visual events predicted vocabulary size, accounting for 20% of the variance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},426453,1791090351,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31},962085564381,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","DOI: 10. 1111/infa.12471  \nRESEAR C H ARTICLE  \nStatistical learning in infancy predicts vocabulary size in toddlerhood  \nAnton Gerbrand1  | Gustaf Gredebäck1 | Martina Hedenius2,3,4 | Linda Forsman1  | Marcus Lindskog1   \n1Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden  \n2Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Speech-Language Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 3Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden  \n4Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden  \nCorrespondence  \nAnton Gerbrand, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.  \nEmail: [anton.gerbrand@psyk.uu.se](anton.gerbrand@psyk.uu.se)  \nFunding information  \nRiksbankens Jubileumsfond, Grant/Award Number: P15-0430:1; Sundhal Disability Foundation; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse, Grant/Award Number: KAW 2012.0120  \nAbstract  \nDuring the first 2 years of life, an infant's vocabulary grows at an impressive rate. In the current study, we investigated the impact of three challenges that infants need to overcome to learn new words and expand the size of their vocabulary. We used longitudinal eye-tracking data (n = 118) to assess sequence learning, associative learning, and probability processing abilities at ages 6, 10, and 18 months. Infants' ability to efficiently solve these tasks was used to predict vocabulary size at age 18 months. We demonstrate that the ability to make audio–visual associations and to predict sequences of visual events predicts vocabulary size in toddlers (accounting for 20% of the variance) . Our results indicate that statistical learning in some, but not all, domains have a role in vocabulary development.  \n1 | INTRODUCTION  \nLearning a first language is an enormous task. Already at 6 months of age, infants seem to have vocabulary knowledge about everyday words (Bergelson & Swingley, 2012 ; Karmiloff &  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.  \n© 2022 The Authors. Infancy published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Congress of Infant Studies.  \nKarmiloff-Smith, 2009), suggesting that vocabulary learning starts well before 6 months, and continues at a brisk pace throughout childhood (Kidd & Donnelly, 2020) . By age 18 months, children on average have a vocabulary of roughly 200 words (Dale & Fenson, 1996), extending to approximately 2600 words by the time they reach school age (Kidd & Donnelly, 2020) . However, the mechanisms behind this rapid increase in infant vocabulary are currently not well understood.  \nStatistical learning is posited to be one important, early contributor to vocabulary size (Frost et al., 2015 ; Saffran, 2009; Smith et al., 2018). Often conceptualized as a general ability to detect and learn from statistical regularities and probabilistic relations in the environment, it allows infants to detect and learn from statistical structures present within languages and to segment words in a given language (Arciuli & Conway, 2018 ; Romberg & Saffran, 2010 ; Saffran, 2009) . Word segmentation, in turn, has been proposed to be an important building block for early vocabulary learning—as it aids in constraining the beginning and end of words (e.g., it is “you and I”, not “youa ndi”) and the definition of words (Karmiloff & Karmiloff-Smith, 2009; Kidd & Donnelly, 2020) . Infants can detect transitional probabilities (the likelihood that one syllable follows another) in a given language as well as tell apart speech sounds by attending to phonetic variation within artificial languages, and then use this information to perform word segmentation (Lany & Saf","cbCaimhAzTc3I6dt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimhAzTc3I6dt","pdf",689564,"English","# Introduction\n## Statistical learning as a contributor to vocabulary size\n## Mechanisms and definitions of statistical learning\n## Study approach and rationale","[{\"question\":\"What learning abilities were tested in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study tested sequence learning, associative learning, and probability processing abilities in infants.\"},{\"question\":\"How were infants’ abilities measured across time?\",\"answer\":\"Longitudinal eye-tracking data were collected when infants were 6, 10, and 18 months old.\"},{\"question\":\"Which statistical learning abilities predicted toddler vocabulary size?\",\"answer\":\"The ability to make audio–visual associations and to predict sequences of visual events predicted vocabulary size, accounting for 20% of the variance.\"}]","Statistical learning in infancy predicts vocabulary size in toddlerhood | PDF",1790640641]