[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-585849-105":59,"doc-detail-585849-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","state-universal-pre-k-policies-lessons-from-florida-oklahoma-and-vermont","State Universal Pre-K Policies - Lessons from Florida, Oklahoma, and Vermont","","Research examines the benefits of high-quality publicly funded prekindergarten education while addressing unequal access across geography, income, race, and ethnicity. It defines universal pre-K programs as state-funded offerings available to all families regardless of income and implemented across all districts on a voluntary enrollment basis. Focusing on Oklahoma, Florida, and Vermont, the report compares how UPK is developed, structured, implemented, and how it varies in accessibility, quality, funding, and impacts. It also draws lessons for policymakers expanding access in New York State.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/state-universal-pre-k-policies-lessons-from-florida-oklahoma-and-vermont/585849/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/state-universal-pre-k-policies-lessons-from-florida-oklahoma-and-vermont/585849.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley West","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does the report define universal pre-K programs?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Universal pre-K is defined as being offered to families in the state regardless of income and implemented across all school districts. Families can access the program voluntarily, so enrollment is not required by law.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why does the report focus on Oklahoma, Florida, and Vermont?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Only these three states are described as having statewide universal pre-K programs meeting the report’s criteria. The report uses them as case studies to compare development, structure, implementation, and outcomes.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What early federal and research efforts are discussed to explain impacts of early childhood education?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The report reviews the Lanham Act’s funding for subsidized childcare during World War II and cites the HighScope Perry Preschool Project, a longitudinal study assessing short- and long-term effects of high-quality preschool for low-income children.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},585849,1792165517,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1099523885074,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","State Universal Pre-K Policies  \nLessons from Florida, Oklahoma, and Vermont  \nManal Alawsaj  \nMax Berman Teuta Mujaj Kayla Rankin  \nJanuary 2023  \nABOUT THE AUTHORS  \nManal Alawsaj, Max Berman, Teuta Mujaj, and Kayla Rankin were research interns at the Rockefeller Institute of Government’s Center for Law & Policy Solutions.  \nState Universal Pre-K Policies  \nLessons from Florida, Oklahoma, and Vermont  \nResearch has demonstrated the wide-ranging and positive benefits from high-quality publicly-funded prekindergarten education. Yet, access for families with young children remains uneven, with significant gaps across geography, income, race, and ethnicity. Over the last few decades, many states have worked to broaden access to prekindergarten education (pre-K), but only three states—Oklahoma, Florida, and Vermont—have implemented statewide universal pre-K programs. Prekindergarten education is an important component of the broader array of early childhood education (ECE) options that is intended to prepare children ages three to four years old (and some five-year-olds) for the transition into kindergarten. ECE more broadly includes the education of children from birth to eight years old,1 and provides children with activities and experiences meant to aid and enrich their development and growth, whether through a play-based approach or a more academic curriculum.  \nFor the purposes of this research, we use a specific definition of universal when referring to universal pre-K programs (UPK) . Universal, here, means that the program is offered to families in the state regardless of income and has been implemented across all school districts. These UPK programs are offered to all families in the state on a voluntary basis, meaning that students are not required to enroll. The first state to establish a program that meets these criteria is Oklahoma, which created its universal pre-K program in 1998.2 A handful of other states offer support for pre-K education statewide, but individual districts may elect not to participate and therefore we do not consider the program to be universal. Other states offer pre-K programming on a means-tested basis, meaning that families must meet income or other criteria to participate.  \nAs referenced, just three states have established such UPK programs, but there is still a great deal of variance across these programs. These include half-day and fullday programs that are offered through either public and/or private schools depending  \non the state. UPK programs have specific classroom curriculum and staff training requirements, but these can vary substantially by state. In this report, we consider the three case studies of state universal pre-K programs—Oklahoma, Florida, and Vermont. In doing so, we outline the development, structure, and implementation of each state’s UPK program and analyze the relative accessibility, quality, funding, and impacts of their programs. In analyzing these case studies, we consider how they can be instructive for other states as they seek to expand and improve pre-K policies and programs, in particular, for policymakers in New York State as they continue to work to expand access to pre-K and move the state towards more universal access.  \nHistory and Impacts of Early Childhood Education in the United States  \nEarly childhood education in the United States extends back much further than the quarter century since the emergence of state-level UPK programs. The 1941 Defense Public Works Law, popularly known as the Lanham Act, enacted provisions for a wide range of public services related to housing, water, sewers, and schools. This included funding for the establishment of childcare programs for children aged birth to 12 to support mothers entering the workforce in the context of national production efforts pertaining to World War II. The Lanham Act was the federal government’s first initiative to provide significantly subsidized early childhood education or childcare.3 Bet","cbCaivo5eRdyQDNB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivo5eRdyQDNB","pdf",8118481,28,"English","# State Universal Pre-K Policies\n## Definition of universal pre-K and program characteristics\n## Case studies: Oklahoma, Florida, Vermont\n# History and Impacts of Early Childhood Education in the United States\n## Lanham Act and early childcare funding\n## HighScope Perry Preschool Project and long-term outcomes","[{\"question\":\"How does the report define universal pre-K programs?\",\"answer\":\"Universal pre-K is defined as being offered to families in the state regardless of income and implemented across all school districts. Families can access the program voluntarily, so enrollment is not required by law.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the report focus on Oklahoma, Florida, and Vermont?\",\"answer\":\"Only these three states are described as having statewide universal pre-K programs meeting the report’s criteria. The report uses them as case studies to compare development, structure, implementation, and outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"What early federal and research efforts are discussed to explain impacts of early childhood education?\",\"answer\":\"The report reviews the Lanham Act’s funding for subsidized childcare during World War II and cites the HighScope Perry Preschool Project, a longitudinal study assessing short- and long-term effects of high-quality preschool for low-income children.\"}]","State Universal Pre-K Policies - Lessons from Florida, Oklahoma, and Vermont | PDF",1792056144,71]