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The report concludes that, despite nearly a decade into national expansion and low unemployment, many workers still lack wage increases. It attributes this to slack in the labor market, employers’ use of market power to repress wages, and public policies shaped by Republican legislatures and conservative federal courts that further disadvantage ordinary workers. It emphasizes the need for coordinated action by state lawmakers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/state-of-working-pennsylvania-2018-report-summary/584774/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/state-of-working-pennsylvania-2018-report-summary/584774.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Damian","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What main conclusion does the 2018 review reach about Pennsylvania workers’ wages?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The report finds that many Pennsylvania workers are still waiting for a raise despite the ongoing national economic expansion and low unemployment.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What three factors does the report give to explain stagnant wage outcomes?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It cites remaining slack in the job market, employers’ market power used to suppress wages, and national/state public policies shaped by conservative legislative and court leadership.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the report say Pennsylvania lawmakers should do to improve progress?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It argues that faster and greater progress requires state lawmakers to act in the same direction to support wage growth and broader shared prosperity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},584774,1792062261,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},137451208677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","State of Working Pennsylvania 2018   \nAugust 2018  \nby Mark Price and Stephen Herzenberg  \nThe Keystone Research Center (KRC) was founded in 1996 to broaden public discussion on strategies to achieve a more prosperous and equitable Pennsylvania economy. Since its creation, KRC has become a leading source of independent analysis of Pennsylvania’s economy and public policy. KRC is located at 412 North Third Street, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17101‐1346. Most of KRC’s original research [is available on the KRC website at ](is available on the KRC website at www.keystoneresearch.org. KRC welcomes questions or other)[www.keystoneresearch.org](is available on the KRC website at www.keystoneresearch.org. KRC welcomes questions or other)[. KRC welcomes questions or other](is available on the KRC website at www.keystoneresearch.org. KRC welcomes questions or other)[ ](is available on the KRC website at www.keystoneresearch.org. KRC welcomes questions or other)[inquiries about its work at 717‐255‐7181.](inquiries about its work at 717‐255‐7181.)  \nAbout the Authors  \nMark Price, KRC’s labor economist and research director, holds a PhD in economics from the University of Utah. He is a coauthor of The New Gilded Age: Income inequality in the U.S. by state, metropolitan area, and county, published in 2016 by the Economic Analysis Research Network (EARN) .  \nStephen Herzenberg, KRC’s executive director, holds a PhD in economics from MIT. He is a coauthor of Losing Ground in Early Childhood Education, published in 2005 by the Economic Policy Institute (EPI), and New Rules for a New Economy: Employment and Opportunity in Postindustrial America, published in 1998 by Cornell/ILR Press.  \nAcknowledgments  \nThe authors thank the team at EPI, which provides support to KRC and the other state think tanks within EARN; this team includes, Naomi Walker, David Cooper, and Janelle Jones. Thanks to Estelle Sommeiller of the Institute for Research in Economic and Social Sciences (IRES) for her work to update the state‐by‐ state top income series. Thanks to John Neurohr, communications director for KRC and its Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center (PBPC) and Erica K Freeman, deputy communications director, for editorial assistance and guidance, and to Stephanie Frank, KRC office manager, for generating the charts, figures and cover for this report.  \nSupport KRC  \nThe work of KRC is supported by grants from charitable foundations, research contracts with various organizations (including local, state, and federal governments), and contributions from organizations and individuals who share KRC’s vision of broadly shared prosperity in Pennsylvania. To learn how you or your organization can support KRC, please visit the KRC website at [http://keystoneresearch](http://keystoneresearch). org or call 717‐255‐7181. The IRS has designated KRC as a federal tax‐exempt, nonprofit, 501(c)(3) corporation. KRC is also registered as a charitable organization with the Pennsylvania Department of State’s Bureau of Charitable Organizations. KRC’s official registration and financial information maybe obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of State by calling toll free, within Pennsylvania, 1‐800‐732‐0999. Registration does not imply endorsement.  \nContents  \nExecutive Summary ............................................................................................................................... 2  \nThe State of the Pennsylvania Economy ............................................................................................. 4  \nUnemployment, Underemployment, and Employment Rates ........................................................ 5  \nWage Growth in the Last 12 Months ................................................................................................... 7  \nPersonal Income Tax Collections in the Last 12 Months .................................................................. 7  \nWage Growth in the Last 10 Years ....................................","cbCaim39WgBBrcP5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaim39WgBBrcP5","pdf",1098052,"English","# Executive Summary\n## The State of the Pennsylvania Economy\n## Unemployment, Underemployment, and Employment Rates\n## Wage Growth in the Last 12 Months\n## Personal Income Tax Collections in the Last 12 Months\n## Wage Growth in the Last 10 Years\n## Wage Growth in the Last 17 Years\n## Productivity and Compensation Growth in Pennsylvania since 1979\n## Top Incomes 1917 to 2015\n## The Erosion of Bargaining Power for Pennsylvania Workers\n## Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What main conclusion does the 2018 review reach about Pennsylvania workers’ wages?\",\"answer\":\"The report finds that many Pennsylvania workers are still waiting for a raise despite the ongoing national economic expansion and low unemployment.\"},{\"question\":\"What three factors does the report give to explain stagnant wage outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"It cites remaining slack in the job market, employers’ market power used to suppress wages, and national/state public policies shaped by conservative legislative and court leadership.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the report say Pennsylvania lawmakers should do to improve progress?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that faster and greater progress requires state lawmakers to act in the same direction to support wage growth and broader shared prosperity.\"}]","State of Working Pennsylvania 2018 - report summary | PDF",1792052299,48]