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Using adequacy- and equity-based frameworks, the work highlights how policymakers and institutional leaders can evaluate resource distribution to support financial sustainability and student success. It reviews prior evidence on outcomes such as enrollment, retention, graduation, and credential completion, while addressing disparities across institutions and student populations through a commissioned series of papers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/state-higher-education-funding-research-findings-themes-and-future-directions/587130/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/state-higher-education-funding-research-findings-themes-and-future-directions/587130.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fahsai","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does the report focus on regarding higher education funding?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It focuses on persistent decreases in state funding and how colleges adapt by shifting approaches to provide financial support. The report also targets the need to understand disparities affecting institutions and student populations.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do adequacy- and equity-based funding frameworks help in the report?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They allow policymakers and institutional leaders to analyze funding models and ensure resources are distributed to promote financial sustainability and student success. The report uses these frameworks to examine what equitable and adequate funding could look like.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is the role of the commissioned series of papers?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The State Higher Education Executive Officers Association (SHEEO), supported by the Joyce Foundation, commissioned the papers to address gaps in higher-education research. The series uses multiple research questions, methods, data sources, and populations to support state leaders in reducing disparities within funding models.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},587130,1792170911,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},549768702563,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000c4aa63b76e948b?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786536092046926083","State Higher Education Funding Research: Findings, Themes, and Future Directions  \nAdalberto Castrejón  \nJuly 2025  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \nThis report would not have been possible without the support of SHEEO staff Kelsey Kunkle, Dustin Weeden, Rachel Burns, Kelsey Heckert, and Jessica Duren. These research papers and synthesis were generously funded by the Joyce Foundation. The views expressed in this paper – and all papers in this series – are those of its author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of SHEEO or the Joyce Foundation.  \nThe State Higher Education Executive Officers Association (SHEEO) serves the chief executives of statewide governing, policy, and coordinating boards of postsecondary education and their staffs. SHEEO promotes an environment that values higher education and its role in ensuring the equitable education of all Americans, regardless of race/ethnicity, gender, or socioeconomic factors. Together with its members, SHEEO aims to achieve this vision by equipping state higher education executive officers and their staffs with the tools to effectively advance the value of higher education, promoting public policies and academic practices that enable all Americans to achieve success in the 21st century, and serving as an advocate for state higher education leadership. For more information, visit [sheeo.org](sheeo.org).  \n© 2025 State Higher Education Executive Officers Association  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nINTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 5  \nOVERVIEW OF PAPERS............................................................................................................................ 6  \nKEY THEMES AND FINDINGS ..................................................................................................................7  \nCONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................... 9  \nREFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 10  \nSHEEO STATE HIGHER EDUCATION FUNDING RESEARCH: FINDINGS, THEMES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS © 2025 by the State Higher Education Executive Officers Association (SHEEO)  \n3  \nINTRODUCTION  \nThe examination and changes to higher education funding models to circumvent the growing reductions of state funding have become more apparent in the last couple of decades (Layzell, 2007). The persistent problem of decreases in funding to higher education has led to greater shifts in finding different approaches to provide support so that colleges can financially sustain themselves. Specifically, there is a growing research literature that has recently begun to incorporate adequacy-and equity-based funding frameworks to examine state higher education funding models (Dziesinski & Hillman, 2024; Fernandez et al., 2023; Romano & Palmer, 2023). Through adequacy- and equity-based funding frameworks, policymakers and institutional leaders can examine their funding models to ensure resources are being distributed to promote institutional financial sustainability and student success (Fernandez et al., 2023; Hillman et al., 2024; Dziesinski & Hillman, 2024). The concept of adequacy-based funding has largely been adopted from the K-12 education area (Dziesinski & Hillman, 2024; Levin et al., 2022; Ward et al., 2020), where the concepts took rise in the 1990s during a series of litigation to determine adequate funding models in K-12 education (Romano & Palmer, 2023).  \nThe focus now for many institutional leaders, policymakers, and researchers is to find effective tools to determine funding models that lead to higher education institutions having the necessary financial resources to meet their institutional goals and to address any inequalities towards specific priority populations (Hillman et al.","cbCaieMzUlI8iYXe","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieMzUlI8iYXe","pdf",225736,"English","# Introduction\n# Overview of Papers\n# Key Themes and Findings\n# Conclusion\n# References","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the report focus on regarding higher education funding?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on persistent decreases in state funding and how colleges adapt by shifting approaches to provide financial support. The report also targets the need to understand disparities affecting institutions and student populations.\"},{\"question\":\"How do adequacy- and equity-based funding frameworks help in the report?\",\"answer\":\"They allow policymakers and institutional leaders to analyze funding models and ensure resources are distributed to promote financial sustainability and student success. The report uses these frameworks to examine what equitable and adequate funding could look like.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the role of the commissioned series of papers?\",\"answer\":\"The State Higher Education Executive Officers Association (SHEEO), supported by the Joyce Foundation, commissioned the papers to address gaps in higher-education research. The series uses multiple research questions, methods, data sources, and populations to support state leaders in reducing disparities within funding models.\"}]","State Higher Education Funding Research - Findings, Themes, and Future Directions | PDF",1792060789,25]