[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-670913-105":59,"doc-detail-670913-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":127,"head_meta":129,"extra_data":131,"updated_unix":133},105,"en","stacks-queues-and-linked-lists-stacks","STACKS, QUEUES, AND LINKED LISTS - Stacks","","Covers the core concepts of stacks, emphasizing the LIFO (last-in-first-out) behavior: insertion is done by pushing, while removal is done by popping. Defines the stack as an abstract data type (ADT) with push, pop, size, isEmpty, and top operations, including typical error handling when operations are applied to an empty stack. Provides a Java interface for a stack, then walks through an array-based implementation, including time complexity and capacity constraints. Includes a brief look at generic stacks via casting.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/stacks-queues-and-linked-lists-stacks/670913/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/stacks-queues-and-linked-lists-stacks/670913.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Cipher","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-11-01",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is a stack, and why is it called LIFO?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"A stack stores objects where removal follows the last-in-first-out rule. Only the most recently inserted object can be removed, after which the next most recent becomes the top.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What operations does a stack ADT support?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The primary operations are push(o) to insert an object and pop() to remove and return the top object. Supporting methods include size(), isEmpty(), and top(), with errors raised when called on an empty stack.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does an array-based stack implementation work in Java?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It uses an array S of fixed maximum capacity N and an index t pointing to the top element. Indices start at 0, so t is initialized to -1, and push/pop update t while running in constant time O(1).",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"Why are casts needed when using a generic stack in the example?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"When a stack can hold different object types (e.g., Integer or Student), popping returns a generic Object. The returned value must be cast back to the expected data type before assigning it to a typed array or variable.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},670913,1793572679,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":133,"read_time":148},687208528416,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","STACKS, QUEUES, AND LINKED LISTS  \n• Stacks  \n• Queues  \n• Linked Lists  \n• Double-Ended Queues  \n• Case Study: A Stock Analysis Applet  \nStacks, Queues, and Linked Lists 1  \nStacks  \n• A stack is a container of objects that are inserted and removed according to the last-in-first-out (LIFO) principle.  \n• Objects can be inserted at any time, but only the last (the most-recently inserted) object can be removed.  \n• Inserting an item is known as “pushing” onto the stack.“Popping” off the stack is synonymous with removing an item.  \n• A PEZ® dispenser as an analogy:  \nStacks, Queues, and Linked Lists 2  \nThe Stack Abstract Data Type  \n• A stack is an abstract data type (ADT) that supports two main methods:  \n- push(o): Inserts object o onto top of stack Input: Object; Output: none  \n- pop(): Removes the top object of stack and returns it; if stack is empty an error occurs Input: none; Output: Object  \n• The following support methods should also bedefined:  \n- size(): Returns the number of objects in stack Input: none; Output: integer  \n- isEmpty(): Return a boolean indicating if stack is  \nempty.  \nInput: none; Output: boolean  \n- top(): return the top object of the stack,  \nwithout removing it; if the stack is empty an error occurs .  \nInput: none; Output: Object  \nStacks, Queues, and Linked Lists 3  \nA Stack Interface in Java  \n• While, the stack data structure is a “built-in” class of Java’s java. util package, it is possible, and sometimes preferable to define your own specific one, like this:  \npublic interface Stack {  \n// accessor methods  \npublic int size(); // return the number of  \n// elements in the stack  \npublic boolean isEmpty(); // see if the stack  \n// is empty  \npublic Object top() // return the top element throws StackEmptyException; // if called on  \n// an empty stack // update methods  \npublic void push (Object element); // push an  \n// element onto the stack  \npublic Object pop() // return and remove the  \n// top element of the stack  \nthrows StackEmptyException; // if called on  \n// an empty stack  \n}  \nStacks, Queues, and Linked Lists 4  \nAn Array-Based Stack  \n• Create a stack using an array by specifying a maximum size N for our stack, e.g. N = 1,000 .  \n• The stack consists of an N-element array S and an integer variable t, the index of the top element in array S.  \nS  ...   \n0 1 2 t N−1  \n• Array indices start at 0, so we initialize t to-1  \n• Pseudo-code  \nAlgorithm size():  \nreturn t +1  \nAlgorithm isEmpty():  \nreturn ( t\u003C0)  \nAlgorithm top():  \nif isEmpty() then  \nthrow a StackEmptyException  \nreturn S[t]  \n...  \nStacks, Queues, and Linked Lists 5  \nAn Array-Based Stack (contd.)  \n• Pseudo-Code (contd.)  \nAlgorithm push(o): if size() = N then  \nthrow a StackFullException t ← t + 1  \nS [t] ← o  \nAlgorithm pop():  \nif isEmpty() then  \nthrow a StackEmptyException  \ne←S[t]  \nS [t]←null  \nt←t-1  \nreturn e  \n• Each of the above method runs in constant time (O(1))  \n• The array implementation is simple and efficient.  \n• There is an upper bound, N, on the size of the stack. The arbitrary value N may be too small for a given application, or a waste of memory.  \nStacks, Queues, and Linked Lists 6  \nArray-Based Stack: a Java Implementation  \npublic class ArrayStack implements Stack {  \n// Implementation of the Stack interface // using an array .  \npublic static final int CAPACITY = 1000; // default  \n// capacity of the stack  \nprivate int capacity; // maximum capacity of the  \n// stack .  \nprivate Object S[]; // S holds the elements of  \n// the stack  \nprivate int top = -1; // the top element of the  \n// stack .  \npublic ArrayStack() { // Initialize the stack  \n// with default capacity  \nthis(CAPACITY);}  \npublic ArrayStack(int cap) { // Initialize the  \n// stack with given capacity  \ncapacity = cap;  \nS = new Object[capacity];}  \nStacks, Queues, and Linked Lists 7  \nArray-Based Stack in Java  \n(contd.)  \npublic int size() { //Return the current stack  \n// size  \nreturn (top + 1);}  \npublic boolean isEmpty() { // Re","cbCaieG1iqKRbMea","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieG1iqKRbMea","pdf",149549,31,"English","# Stacks\n## Stack Abstract Data Type\n## A Stack Interface in Java\n## An Array-Based Stack\n## Array-Based Stack: Java Implementation\n## Casting With a Generic Stack","[{\"question\":\"What is a stack, and why is it called LIFO?\",\"answer\":\"A stack stores objects where removal follows the last-in-first-out rule. Only the most recently inserted object can be removed, after which the next most recent becomes the top.\"},{\"question\":\"What operations does a stack ADT support?\",\"answer\":\"The primary operations are push(o) to insert an object and pop() to remove and return the top object. Supporting methods include size(), isEmpty(), and top(), with errors raised when called on an empty stack.\"},{\"question\":\"How does an array-based stack implementation work in Java?\",\"answer\":\"It uses an array S of fixed maximum capacity N and an index t pointing to the top element. Indices start at 0, so t is initialized to -1, and push/pop update t while running in constant time O(1).\"},{\"question\":\"Why are casts needed when using a generic stack in the example?\",\"answer\":\"When a stack can hold different object types (e.g., Integer or Student), popping returns a generic Object. The returned value must be cast back to the expected data type before assigning it to a typed array or variable.\"}]","STACKS, QUEUES, AND LINKED LISTS - Stacks | PDF",78]