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The study builds analogous rectifying interfaces in AgCu biphasic aerogels using electronegativity differences to generate stable Cuδ+ active sites. These sites promote simultaneous *NOH adsorption and *CO coverage, enhancing C–N coupling dynamics supported by operando measurements and theoretical calculations. Ag67Cu33 achieves a urea yield of 54.8 mmol h−1 gcat−1 and Faradaic efficiency of 36.6% at −0.52 V vs RHE, with further two-electrode durability over 60 h.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/stable-cu-sites-derived-from-analogous-rectifying-interface-in-agcu-biphasic-aerogels-for-efficient-urea-electrosynthesis-at-low-potential/441520/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/stable-cu-sites-derived-from-analogous-rectifying-interface-in-agcu-biphasic-aerogels-for-efficient-urea-electrosynthesis-at-low-potential/441520.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Damian","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-02","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is CO2 and NO3− coupling urea electrosynthesis challenging?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Intricate catalytic mechanisms and competitive reactions interfere with achieving high-efficiency C–N coupling.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were stable Cuδ+ active sites constructed in the AgCu biphasic aerogels?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Analogous rectifying interfaces were engineered by leveraging electronegativity differences to derive stable Cuδ+ active sites.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What performance was achieved and at what potential?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Using Ag67Cu33 in a flow cell, the work reports a urea yield of 54.8 mmol h−1 gcat−1 and Faradaic efficiency of 36.6% at −0.52 V vs RHE.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},441520,1790903011,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},137451208677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Article [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65857-y](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65857-y)  \nStable Cuδ+ sites derived from analogous rectifying interface in AgCu biphasic aerogels for efficient urea electrosynthesis at low potential  \nReceived: 29 November 2024  \n\n| Accepted: 24 October 2025 |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Check for updates |\n\nPingyi Feng1,4, Shao Wang1,4, Zechuan Dai1,4, Yanxu Chen1, Bocheng Zhang1, Mingyu Cheng1, Buqi Ke1, Jing Xia 2 , Genqiang Zhang 1  &  \nFuqiang Huang 3   \nUrea electrosynthesis through CO2 and NO3- coupling presents a promising alternative to energy-intensive industrial processes. However, intricate catalytic mechanisms and competitive reactions impede achieving high-efficiency C-N coupling. Herein, we constructed analogous rectifying interfaces in AgCu biphasic aerogels, by leveraging electronegativity difference to derive stable Cuδ+ active sites, which simultaneously promoted *NOH adsorption and *CO coverage, thereby improving C-N coupling dynamics, confirmed by both operando technique and theoretical calculations. Specifically, notable urea yield (54.8 mmol h-1 gcat.−1) with Faradaic efficiency (FE, 36.6%) at a low potential (−0.52 V vs. RHE) was achieved using Ag67Cu33 in a flow-cell. As a proof-of-concept demonstration for practicability, Ag67Cu33 exhibited bifunctional electrosynthesis for urea (FE: 56.07%, yield: 104.6 mmol h-1 gcat.−1) and HCOOH (FE: over 90%) at 40 mA cm-2 in two-electrode system, with durability over 60 h. This work provides an indicative rationale to construct active sites for C-N coupling, facilitating the development of urea electrosynthesis.  \nIn recent years, global research on greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction strategies has intensified, with a focus on finding innovative solutions for sustainable development. Approximately 12% of anthropogenic GHG emissions are attributed to agricultural production, particularly the synthesis of nitrogen fertilizers such as urea1–4. Traditionally, urea synthesis is dominated by the Bosch-Meiser process, which operates under extreme conditions (å 180 °C, ~150bar) and accounts for 2% of global energy consumption and 1.44% of CO2 emissions5,6. Therefore, it is crucial to explore sustainable methods for urea synthesis. With the rapid advancement of renewable energy technologies, electrocatalytic  \ncoupling of excess CO2 and harmful NO3- driven by renewable energy presents a promising alternative3,7,8. In 1995, Furuya et al. achieved asignificant breakthrough by synthesizing urea for the first time using a Cu-supported gas diffusion electrode with CO2 and NO2- or NO3-9. Subsequently, Wang et al. successfully combined NO3- and CO2 into urea via a Vo-CeO2-750 catalyst, reaching a high yield of 943.6 mmol g-1 h-1 10. Recently, Liao et al. developed a PcNi-Fe-O catalyst and effectively obtained 0.164 g of high-purity urea in a scaled-up flow cell, achieving urea yield of 2.03 g h-1 gcat-1 11. He et al. employed pulsed electrolysis on the synthesized Fe-TPP/CNTs catalyst, reaching a peak  \n1Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China. 2Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. 3State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China. 4These  \nauthors contributed equally: Pingyi Feng, Shao Wang, and Zechuan Dai. [e-mail:](e-mail: xiajing@mail.ipc.ac.cn)[ xiajing@mail.ipc.ac.cn](e-mail: xiajing@mail.ipc.ac.cn); [gqzhangmse@ustc.edu.cn](gqzhangmse@ustc.edu.cn); [huangfq@sjtu.edu.cn](huangfq@sjtu.edu.cn)  \nFE of 27.70%, rendering urea electrosynthesis more cost-effective and energy-efficient12. Despite considerable e","cbCaieLMtjLCemID","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieLMtjLCemID","pdf",8047487,15,"English","# Research Background\n## Urea production challenges and need for electrocatalysis\n# Catalyst Design and Mechanism\n## Analogous rectifying interfaces in AgCu biphasic aerogels\n## Cuδ+ active sites and adsorption coverage effects\n# Performance Results\n## Urea yield and Faradaic efficiency under low potential\n## Two-electrode demonstration and durability","[{\"question\":\"Why is CO2 and NO3− coupling urea electrosynthesis challenging?\",\"answer\":\"Intricate catalytic mechanisms and competitive reactions interfere with achieving high-efficiency C–N coupling.\"},{\"question\":\"How were stable Cuδ+ active sites constructed in the AgCu biphasic aerogels?\",\"answer\":\"Analogous rectifying interfaces were engineered by leveraging electronegativity differences to derive stable Cuδ+ active sites.\"},{\"question\":\"What performance was achieved and at what potential?\",\"answer\":\"Using Ag67Cu33 in a flow cell, the work reports a urea yield of 54.8 mmol h−1 gcat−1 and Faradaic efficiency of 36.6% at −0.52 V vs RHE.\"}]","Stable Cuδ+ sites derived from analogous rectifying interface in AgCu biphasic aerogels for efficient urea electrosynthesis at low potential | PDF",1790696389,38]