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Also covers stored procedures and their use with parameters, triggers and their event-driven execution behavior (including nested triggers), views as virtual subsets of tables, and indexes as physical structures that speed up query performance and reduce table scans.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/","Exam",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/sql-interview-questions-and-answers/391748/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/sql-interview-questions-and-answers/391748.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Lucas Martin","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-09","2026-09-25",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is an RDBMS and what does it provide?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"An RDBMS is a database management system that maintains data records and indices in tables. It supports relationships across tables and helps recombine data items for effective usage.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What does database normalization aim to achieve?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Normalization is a data design process that organizes relational data to minimize redundancy. It isolates data so inserts, updates, and deletes can be handled in one table and propagated through defined relationships.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How are triggers different from stored procedures?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Triggers are event-driven and are automatically fired by the DBMS after INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE on an associated table. Stored procedures are explicitly executed (e.g., via CALL) and are not tied to a specific table event, though triggers can execute stored procedures.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},391748,1790412668,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,95,100,105,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":33,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":55,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},8796095360427,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","© [http://www.sqlauthority.com](http://www.sqlauthority.com)  \nSQL Interview Questions with Answers [http://www.sqlauthority.com](http://www.sqlauthority.com)  \nWhat is RDBMS?  \nRelational Data Base Management Systems (RDBMS) are database management systems that maintain data records and indices in tables. Relationships may be created and maintained across and among the data and tables. In a relational database, relationships between data items are expressed by means of tables. Interdependencies among these tables are expressed by data values rather than by pointers. This allows a high degree of data independence. An RDBMS has the capability to recombine the data items from different files, providing powerful tools for data usage.  \nWhat is normalization?  \nDatabase normalization is a data design and organization process applied to data structures based on rules that help build relational databases. In relational database design, the process of organizing data to minimize redundancy. Normalization usually involves dividing a database into two or more tables and defining relationships between the tables. The objective is to isolate data so that additions, deletions, and modifications of a field can be made in just one table and then propagated through the rest of the database via the defined relationships.  \nWhat are different normalization forms?  \n1NF: Eliminate Repeating Groups  \nMake a separate table for each set of related attributes, and give each table a primary key. Each field contains at most one value from its attribute domain.  \n2NF: Eliminate Redundant Data  \nIf an attribute depends on only part of a multi-valued key, remove it to a separate table.  \n3NF: Eliminate Columns Not Dependent On Key  \nIf attributes do not contribute to a description of the key, remove them to a separate table. All attributes must be directly dependent on the primary key  \nBCNF: Boyce-Codd Normal Form  \nIf there are non-trivial dependencies between candidate key attributes, separate them out into distinct tables.  \n4NF: Isolate Independent Multiple Relationships  \nNo table may contain two or more 1:n or n:m relationships that are not directly related.  \n5NF: Isolate Semantically Related Multiple Relationships  \nThere may be practical constrains on information that justify separating logically related many-to-many relationships.  \nONF: Optimal Normal Form  \nA model limited to only simple (elemental) facts, as expressed in Object Role Model notation. DKNF: Domain-Key Normal Form  \nA model free from all modification anomalies.  \nRemember, these normalization guidelines are cumulative. For a database to be in 3NF, it must first fulfill all the criteria of a 2NF and 1NF database.  \nWhat is Stored Procedure?  \nA stored procedure is a named group of SQL statements that have been previously created and stored in the server database. Stored procedures accept input parameters so that a single procedure can be used over the network by several clients using different input data. And when the procedure is modified, all clients automatically get the new version. Stored procedures reduce network traffic and improve performance. Stored procedures can be used to help ensure the integrity of the database.  \ne.g. sp_helpdb, sp_renamedb, sp_depends etc.  \nWhat is Trigger?  \nA trigger is a SQL procedure that initiates an action when an event (INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE)  \noccurs. Triggers are stored in and managed by the DBMS.Triggers are used to maintain the referential  \n© [http://www.sqlauthority.com](http://www.sqlauthority.com)  \n© [http://www.sqlauthority.com](http://www.sqlauthority.com)  \nintegrity of data by changing the data in a systematic fashion. A trigger cannot be called or executed; the DBMS automatically fires the trigger as a result of a data modification to the associated table. Triggers can be viewed as similar to stored procedures in that both consist of procedural logic that is stored at the database level. Stored procedures, however, are n","cbCaiiIZHoRregEB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiIZHoRregEB","pdf",136112,"English","# RDBMS\n# Database Normalization\n## Normalization forms (1NF-5NF, BCNF)\n# Stored Procedures\n# Triggers\n## Nested Triggers\n# Views\n# Indexes","[{\"question\":\"What is an RDBMS and what does it provide?\",\"answer\":\"An RDBMS is a database management system that maintains data records and indices in tables. It supports relationships across tables and helps recombine data items for effective usage.\"},{\"question\":\"What does database normalization aim to achieve?\",\"answer\":\"Normalization is a data design process that organizes relational data to minimize redundancy. It isolates data so inserts, updates, and deletes can be handled in one table and propagated through defined relationships.\"},{\"question\":\"How are triggers different from stored procedures?\",\"answer\":\"Triggers are event-driven and are automatically fired by the DBMS after INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE on an associated table. Stored procedures are explicitly executed (e.g., via CALL) and are not tied to a specific table event, though triggers can execute stored procedures.\"}]","SQL Interview - Questions and Answers | PDF",1790358420,28]