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Science Technical Report  \n◎2023 Nebraska Department of Education.No part of this publication may be reproduced ordistributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without theprior written permission of the publisher.  \nTable of Contents  \nExecutive Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1  \nSection 1:Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………14  \n1.1.NSCAS Overview……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………14  \n1.2. Background………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………14  \n1.3. Schedule of Major Events……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………15  \n1.4.Building a Validity Argumen…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………16  \n1.5. Intended Purposes and Uses of Test Result. ……………………………………………………………………………17  \n1.6. Theory of Action………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………18  \nSection 2: Test Design and Developmen………………………………………………………………………………………………………20  \n2.1.Test Design…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………20  \n2.2.Academic Content Standard………………………………………………………………………………………………………………24  \n2.3. Blueprints……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………24  \n2.4.Item Types…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………24  \n2.5. Depth of Knowledge(DOK)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………25  \n2.6.ALD Developmen………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………26  \n2.6.1. Policy ALDs……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………26  \n2.6.2. Range ALDs…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………26  \n2.6.2.1.ELA and Mathematics…………………………………………………………………………………………………………27  \n2.6.2.2. Science…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………30  \n2.6.3. Reporting ALDs…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………31  \n2.7. Item Developmen………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………32  \n2.7.1. Item Specifications…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………32  \n2.7.2.Science…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………32  \n2.7.3.Item Retirement…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………34  \n2.8.Content Alignmen……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………34  \n2.8.1.Alignment and Adaptive Testing………………………………………………………………………………………………34  \n2.8.2.2023 ELA Alignment Stud……………………………………………………………………………………………………………35  \n2.9. Universal Design………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………36  \n2.10. Sensitivity and Fairnes……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………36  \n2.11. Test Construction (ELA and Mathematics)…………………………………………………………………………………37  \n2.11.1.Fixed-Forms………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………37  \n2.11.2. MAP Growth Item Selection……………………………………………………………………………………………………37  \n2.12.Data Review……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………37  \nSection 3: Test Administration and Security………………………………………………………………………………………………40  \n3.1. User Roles and Responsibilities……………………………………………………………………………………………………………41  \n3.2. Administration Training…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………41  \n3.3. Item Type Samplers………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………42  \n3.4.Accommodations and Accessibility Features………………………………………………………………………………42  \n3.5. User Acceptance Testing(UAT)………………………………………………………………………………………………………45  \n3.6.Student Participation………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………45  \n3.6.1. Paper-Pencil Participation Criteria……………………………………………………………………………………………46  \n3.6.2. Participation of English Language Learners (ELLs)……………………………………………………46  \n3.6.3. Participation of Recently Arrived Limited English Proficient Students…………………47  \n3.7. Test Securit………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………47  \n3.7.1. Test Security………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………47  \n3.7.1.1. Physical Warehouse Security………………………………………………………………………………47  \n3.7.1.2. Secure Destruction of Test Materials…………………………………………………………………………48  \n3.7.1.3. 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