[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-585530-105":59,"doc-detail-585530-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","spring-2020-research-notes-head-start-dosage-is-more-better","SPRING 2020 Research Notes - Head Start Dosage - Is More Better?","","Research Notes from SPRING 2020 analyze whether higher Head Start “dosage” leads to better school readiness outcomes. The work reviews two widely cited studies and focuses on intervention dosage measured by enrollment duration (one vs. two years) and program intensity (half day vs. full day). Using nationally representative samples and propensity score methods to address selection bias, the review compares children matched on 28 family background variables. Results indicate that, after matching, children attending two-year Head Start outperform one-year counterparts across six outcome measures with meaningful effect sizes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/spring-2020-research-notes-head-start-dosage-is-more-better/585530/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/spring-2020-research-notes-head-start-dosage-is-more-better/585530.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Alex Sinclair","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does “intervention dosage” mean in the reviewed Head Start studies?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It refers to the amount of services children receive, measured by enrollment duration (one year vs. two years) and program intensity (half day vs. full day).","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why is comparing one-year versus two-year participation challenging?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Participants with different durations may differ in other ways, including demographics, which can create selection bias. Simply stratifying or using standard regression may not yield unbiased estimates.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What overall pattern do the results show about Head Start duration?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"After matching children on demographic characteristics, two-year Head Start participants performed significantly better than one-year participants across six school readiness outcome measures.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},585530,1793073236,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1099523882182,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","SPRING  \n2020  \nResearch Notes  \nHead Start Dosage: Is More Better?  \nEarly educational interventions, such as Head Start, have been widely recognized as an effective way to mitigate the negative effects of poverty on early learning and development (Camilli, Vargas, Ryan, & Barnett, 2010). In the past decade, there has been a strong expansion of early childhood programming, including Head Start and state-funded prekindergarten programs. However, the cost of the programs calls into question the extent to which this expansion can be maintained. A tension exists between serving as many children as possible and providing the most impact with limited economic resources (e.g. , Barnett & Hustedt, 2011; Steuerle, Reynolds, & Carasso, 2007), making the study of program design such as length and intensity of programming critical to efforts to serve low-income or at-risk children in the most efficient fashion.  \nThe field knows little about the specific program design factors that lead to favorable program outcomes (Reynolds, 2004), and very few studies have addressed this issue. Therefore, wereviewed two frequently cited studies that looked at Head Start programs, the nation’s largest early educational intervention, and examined the impact of one program factor, intervention dosage, on children’s school readiness outcomes. In the two studies, program dosage was defined as the amount of services children received, and was measured as the duration of program enrollment (i.e., one year versus two years) and the intensity of the program (i.e., half day versus full day) .  \nONE-YEAR VS. TWO-YEAR HEAD START  \nMETHOD  \nUsing a nationally representative sample of Head Start children, Wen and her colleagues (Wen, Leow, Hahs-Vaugh, Korfmacher,& Marcus, 2012) examined school readiness outcome differences by the end of kindergarten between children who attended a Head Start program for two years and those who attended for one year. This research question sounds simple, but is hard to address. It is challenging to make a causal conclusion regarding whether children and families who experience a longer duration of intervention would perform better on measured program outcomes than those who are enrolled for a relatively shorter time, because participants who experienced different amounts of intervention may differ in  \nother ways as well, including their demographic characteristics (Hill, Brooks-Gunn, & Waldfogel, 2003; Powell, 2005). Simply stratifying participants by intervention duration or estimating the impact of duration in a standard regression model will not typically yield unbiased estimates because sample selection bias might be operating. Therefore, the researchers adopted a rigorous statistical methodology, propensity score analysis, to match Head Start one-year versus two-year program children on 28 family background variables, so that the impact of demographic differences on child outcomes can be largely controlled for, and therefore, the researchers can draw a precise conclusion on how different program durations would lead to different outcomes. This methodology is innovative in addressing the causal relationship when the research design of randomizing children into programs of different durations is almost impossible.  \nThese demographics used to find similar comparison groups of children encompassed a comprehensive list of variables identified in the early development and education literature that are associated with child development and learning, including (a) child characteristics (e.g. , ethnicity, health status, whether they had diagnosed disabilities, whether they were dual language learners); (b) family characteristics (e.g. , parent education, employment status, family income, family size, marital status, parent age, maternal depression, welfare status, parental health status, and home language); (c) parenting styles (e.g., parental warmth) and parent involvement with child (e.g. , frequency of reading, weekly and monthly a","cbCaijLnkYTPsa3b","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijLnkYTPsa3b","pdf",178180,"English","# ONE-YEAR VS. TWO-YEAR HEAD START\n## METHOD\n## RESULTS","[{\"question\":\"What does “intervention dosage” mean in the reviewed Head Start studies?\",\"answer\":\"It refers to the amount of services children receive, measured by enrollment duration (one year vs. two years) and program intensity (half day vs. full day).\"},{\"question\":\"Why is comparing one-year versus two-year participation challenging?\",\"answer\":\"Participants with different durations may differ in other ways, including demographics, which can create selection bias. Simply stratifying or using standard regression may not yield unbiased estimates.\"},{\"question\":\"What overall pattern do the results show about Head Start duration?\",\"answer\":\"After matching children on demographic characteristics, two-year Head Start participants performed significantly better than one-year participants across six school readiness outcome measures.\"}]","SPRING 2020 Research Notes - Head Start Dosage - Is More Better? | PDF",1792054974,13]