[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-153325-105":59,"doc-detail-153325-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","spore-prints-a-birds-nest-in-the-hand","SPORE PRINTS - A Bird's Nest in the Hand","","The publication examines two related fungal topics through compelling field and natural-history descriptions. It highlights how Puccinia porri caused garlic rust disease, spreading rapidly during a damp El Niño spring and threatening California’s garlic crop, with potential yield losses and supply impacts. It also details “Bird Nest” fungi, explaining how spore dispersal works through rain-ejected “egg” structures, glue-like cords, and projectile-like attachment that can spread spores onto plants and 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Holloway","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-08-27",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What caused the rapid damage to California’s garlic crop described in the text?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"An orange fungus, Puccinia porri, reproduced rapidly during the damp El Niño spring and spread from field to field by dispersing countless spores.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do “Bird Nest” fungi disperse their spores?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"A rain splash enters the nest and ejects the spore-containing “egg.” As it ejects, a glue-like cord attaches to nearby surfaces, and when the egg opens the spores are released downward.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Where are Bird Nest fungi commonly found?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"They are typically found on wood chips, mulch, or dead packed leaf mold, often appearing in clusters of several or many.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},153325,1787873880,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":52,"preview_page_count":4},2336474466712,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","# SPORE PRINTS\n\nFUNGUS MENACES GARLIC CROP Maria A.Gaura,The Spore Print,LA Myco.Soc.,Oct.1998via The Arizona Fun-Gi,Spring 1999  \nWhen tens of thousands of people visit Gilroy's garlic festivalthis weekend,there's one thing they won't notice while samplingthe garlic cheesecake and 40-clove pizzas—California's garliccrop is fighting for its life.  \nAn orange-colored fungus,Puccinia porri,never before consid-ered a serious threat to the pungent bulb,reproduced madly dur-ing the damp ElNifio spring and cast countless spores to the winds.  \n“You could see it spread like wildfire through the Central Valley,from field to field,\"said Kris Van Elswyk,a garlic industry rep-resentative based near Fresno.“One day you'd see small spots ofit,and 3 days later it looked like the field was on fire.”  \nKnown to plant pathologists as“garlic rust disease,”the ruddyinvader is a cousin to the disfiguring smut frequently found onrosebushes,snapdragons,and peaches.But even though garlicrust disease was first found in California in the 1930s,it has notattacked the crop on a large scale for at least 58 years.  \nIn 1934,Californians farmed only about 300 acres of garlic,andthe economic damage from the rust was small.Today,garlic is amajor crop,covering 37,000 acres and valued at $262 million lastyear.The precise extentof the damage to this year's crop will notbe known until after the harvest is completed,as late as October.But in some areas,it appears that half to two-thirds of the yieldhas been lost.Because of the rust,much of California's fresh gar-lic supply this year will have to be imported from Mexico andArgentina,Christopher said.Only the best of California's cropwill be served at the garlic festival,he pledged.  \nThe rapidity of the rust's spread and the thoroughness of the in-fection have jolted the garlic industry,which has been enjoying acomfortable expansion in recent years.This year's crop had beenin the ground for 6months before the rust problem emerged,butby May,scientists found it in almost every field they checked.  \n## A BIRD'S NEST IN THE HAND\n\nDick Grimm  \nAlthough many of us are familiar with the\"Bird Nest Fungi\"weperhaps don't realize the complexity of this small mushroom.  \nThis interesting little mushroom is considered a Gastromycetebecause it has its spores encased inside of a pouch much like thefamiliar and larger puffballs.In effect,the tiny eggs that one seesresting at the bottom of the small nest could be likened to minia-ture puffballs.I personally like to refer to them as lentils or eggs.  \nThere are two generally encountered genera—Crucibulum andCyathus.Crucibulum has a shallow\"nest\"which contains whiteeggs.Cyathus,on the other hand,has a longer and deeper nestthat could be likened to an inverted bell or perhaps a vase.The“eggs”in Cyathus are black or at least not white.They vary indeeper colors,cream,gray,black,etc.  \nWe find these oddities typically on wood chips,mulch,or deadpacked leaf mold,They show themselves usually in clusters ofseveral or many.Before they open and exhibit their eggs,theyare simply “blips”of hard whitish mini-mushrooms with verytiny,hard caps.When these caps break open,the little lentilsexhibit themselves.  \nThis is only the tip of the iceberg regarding these interesting fungi,however.Actually it is the dispersal of spores that makes themtruly a wonder.The spores,which reside within the little egg,are   disseminated in a unique way.The nest that holds these littleeggs is shaped in a manner(wide at the top diminishing to a smallerbase)that a single drop of rain,splashing into the nest,ejects theegg with enough force to fire the projectile as far as 3 or 4 feet.Whereas this in itself is a unique concept,there is an even moresurprising ending to the story.As the projectile(egg)is splashedfrom the nest,it releases an umbilical(funicular)cord which canreach a length of 4 to 6 in.This cord has a“gooey,”glue-likestickum on the end that grasps the first thing it comes in contactwith.Actually,the entire ","cbCaiu4nYufWl8Zm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiu4nYufWl8Zm","pdf",2719478,"English","# SPORE PRINTS\n## A BIRD'S NEST IN THE HAND\n# CALENDAR","[{\"question\":\"What caused the rapid damage to California’s garlic crop described in the text?\",\"answer\":\"An orange fungus, Puccinia porri, reproduced rapidly during the damp El Niño spring and spread from field to field by dispersing countless spores.\"},{\"question\":\"How do “Bird Nest” fungi disperse their spores?\",\"answer\":\"A rain splash enters the nest and ejects the spore-containing “egg.” As it ejects, a glue-like cord attaches to nearby surfaces, and when the egg opens the spores are released downward.\"},{\"question\":\"Where are Bird Nest fungi commonly found?\",\"answer\":\"They are typically found on wood chips, mulch, or dead packed leaf mold, often appearing in clusters of several or many.\"}]","SPORE PRINTS - A Bird's Nest in the Hand | PDF"]