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The study finds a strong geographic signal, with most events in warmer regions between 30°N and 30°S and the highest documentation in the Neotropics, especially Central America, the Amazon rain forests, and the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Captured frogs are mostly small across all life stages. Incidents are largely caused by web-less hunting spiders that kill by neurotoxin injection.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/spiders-as-frog-eaters-a-global-perspective-review/145905/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/spiders-as-frog-eaters-a-global-perspective-review/145905.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"WPS_1786070896","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-08-26",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":56},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How was the global survey of frog predation by spiders conducted?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study compiles 374 predation incidents from a comprehensive review of global literature and a social media survey, then analyzes the resulting records.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Where and how often is frog predation by spiders documented?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Incidents are documented on all continents except Antarctica, with most occurrences in warmer areas between 30°N and 30°S. The Neotropics show the most frequent documentation, particularly Central American and Amazon rain forests and the Brazilian Atlantic forest.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which spiders and prey characteristics are most associated with these events?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Web-less hunting spiders account for 85% of incidents, often using powerful neurotoxins. Frogs taken as prey are predominantly small and vulnerable across multiple life-cycle stages.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},145905,1787732255,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":56,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},549768072016,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","2020. Journal of Arachnology 48:26–42  \nREVIEW  \nSpiders as frog-eaters: a global perspective  \nMartin Nyffeler 1 and Ronald Altig2 : 1Section of Conservation Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, [Switzerland. E-mail: martin.nyffeler@unibas.ch](Switzerland. E-mail: martin.nyffeler@unibas.ch);2Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA  \nAbstract. In this paper, 374 incidents of frog predation by spiders are reported based on a comprehensive global literature and social media survey. Frog-catching spiders have been documented from all continents except for Antarctica (.80% of the incidents occurring in the warmer areas between latitude 308 N and 308 S) . Frog predation by spiders has been most frequently documented in the Neotropics, with particular concentration in the Central American and Amazon rain forests and the Brazilian Atlantic forest. The captured frogs are predominantly small-sized with an average body length of 2 .76 6 0. 13 cm (usually ’0 .2–3. 8 g body mass) . All stages of the frogs’ life cycle (eggs/embryos, hatchlings, tadpoles, emerging metamorphs, immature post-metamorphs, adults) are vulnerable to spider predation. The majority (85%) of the 374 reported incidents of frog predation were attributable to web-less hunting spiders (in particular from the superfamilies Ctenoidea and Lycosoidea) which kill frogs by injection of powerful neurotoxins. The frog-catching spiders are predominantly nocturnal with an average body length of 2 .24 6 0. 12 cm (usually ’0 .1–2.7 g body mass) . Altogether .200 frog species from 32 families (including several species of bitter tasting dart-poison frogs) have been documented to be hunted by .100 spider species from 22 families. Our finding that such a high diversity of spider taxa is utilizing such a high variety of frog taxa as prey is novel. The utilization of frogs as supplementary food increases the spiders’ food supply (i.e., large diet breadth), and this is presumed to enhance their chance of survival. Studies from Australia and South America indicate that frogs might be a substantial component in the diet of some mygalomorph spiders (i.e., families Atracidae, Idiopidae, and Theraphosidae) . Many more quantitative investigations on the natural diets of tropical spiders are needed  \nbefore reliable conclusions on the importance of frogs as spider food can be drawn.  \nKeywords: Araneae, Anura, predation, dart-poison frogs, nutritional importance, survival capability  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \n1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 26  \n2. Methods .............................................................................................................. 27  \n2.1 Data collection ................................................................................................... 27  \n2.2 Identification of unidentified spiders and frogs depicted in photos ................................................. 27  \n2.3 Statistical methods................................................................................................ 27  \n3. Results ............................................................................................................... 27  \n3.1 Which spider species are engaged in frog predation? ............................................................... 27  \n3.2 Which frog species are captured by spiders? ....................................................................... 30  \n3.3 Global distribution of frog predation by spiders ................................................................... 30  \n3.4 Predator-prey size ratio ........................................................................................... 33  \n4. Discussion ............................................................................................................ 33  \n4.1 Are the reported inciden","cbCaijbxaj8O2RQx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijbxaj8O2RQx","pdf",1623874,17,"English","# Introduction\n## Background on spider diets\n# Methods\n## Data collection\n## Identification of unidentified spiders and frogs in photos\n## Statistical methods\n# Results\n## Spider species engaged in frog predation\n## Frog species captured by spiders\n## Global distribution of frog predation by spiders\n## Predator-prey size ratio\n# Discussion\n## Reality of reported predation events\n## Importance of frogs as spider diet\n## Inclusion of poison arrow frogs in diets\n## Importance of spiders as mortality agents of frogs\n## Competition and intraguild predation\n# Concluding remarks","[{\"question\":\"How was the global survey of frog predation by spiders conducted?\",\"answer\":\"The study compiles 374 predation incidents from a comprehensive review of global literature and a social media survey, then analyzes the resulting records.\"},{\"question\":\"Where and how often is frog predation by spiders documented?\",\"answer\":\"Incidents are documented on all continents except Antarctica, with most occurrences in warmer areas between 30°N and 30°S. The Neotropics show the most frequent documentation, particularly Central American and Amazon rain forests and the Brazilian Atlantic forest.\"},{\"question\":\"Which spiders and prey characteristics are most associated with these events?\",\"answer\":\"Web-less hunting spiders account for 85% of incidents, often using powerful neurotoxins. Frogs taken as prey are predominantly small and vulnerable across multiple life-cycle stages.\"}]","Spiders as frog-eaters: a global perspective - Review | PDF",43]