[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-423110-105":59,"doc-detail-423110-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","speech-and-debate-glossary-essential-terminology-guide","Speech and Debate Glossary - Essential Terminology Guide","","A comprehensive glossary defining core vocabulary used in speech and debate activities, designed to reduce uncertainty for new coaches and students. The guide explains basic tournament terms such as ballots, breaks, codes, divisions, flights, forensics, judging, prelims, posting, records, rounds, schematics, and tab room procedures. It also introduces debate-specific concepts including affirmative and negative roles, burdens of proof, clash and refutation, constructive speeches, contentions, cost-benefit analysis, counterplans, criteria, cross-examination, disadvantages, flowing, inherency, judging paradigms, and kritik arguments.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/speech-and-debate-glossary-essential-terminology-guide/423110/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/speech-and-debate-glossary-essential-terminology-guide/423110.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"MrHarris58","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is a ballot in speech and debate?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"A ballot is the paper (or online location) where judges record results from an individual competition round and submit them to the tabulation system.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What does “break” mean in a tournament?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Break refers to advancing to the next level of competition. Break rounds, also called elimination rounds or “elims,” remove a set number of contestants at the end of each heat, with the last break leading to finals.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What is the difference between constructive speeches and rebuttals?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Constructive is the first speech each debater gives to build a case, and new arguments are allowed. 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The last break round of a tournament is the final round, or “finals,” featuring two opposing debate teams or six speech contestants. Also refer to“posting.”  \nCode: many tournaments use a code system to keep the identity of contestants—and their schools—anonymous. Codes are often a combination of numbers and letters, which designate school, event, and sequence (how many students from a particular school are in a given event) .  \nDivisions: categorizations of competition at a tournament, such as “varsity,”“junior” or “JV,”“novice,” and “open.”  \nFlight: due to room or time constraints, tournaments will sometimes schedule back-to-back contests in the same room during a single round’s timeframe.  \nForensics: overarching term for speech and debate, though it sometimes connotes speech competition, particularly in states with split debate and speech seasons.  \nJudge (or adjudicator): an adult who evaluates a round of competition. Judges are drawn from educators, former competitors, and business professionals. Judges drawn from  \nmembers of the local community, including parents are considered lay judges, for their lack of technical understanding of competition standards. Judges should be equipped with a timing device, writing utensils, and paper.  \nPrelims: guaranteed preliminary rounds at a tournament, before competition breaks to elimination rounds.  \nPosting: (v.) process or (n.) location of prelim schematics or list of contestants breaking to elims.  \nRecord: in debate, the win-loss ratio, or in speech, the total ranks; a general standing of success.  \nRound: an individual heat of competition, where students are matched to (an) opposing contestant(s) in a particular room with a particular judge or panel of judges. Rounds are sometimes divided into flights.  \nSchematics (or “schem,” “schemats”): matrix that assigns students to compete in particular rooms with particular judges for each round. In debate, these are often called “pairings.” These can be physically hung at tournaments or released online.  \nTab Room (or Tab): short for tabulation, this is the tournament headquarters, where results are computed. To protect the integrity of competition, there are usually protocols about seeking permission to enter the tab room.  \n[Tabroom.com:](Tabroom.com:) (or Tabroom): An online tournament software hosts can use for registration, creating rounds, and results calculation.  \nDEBATE TERMINOLOGY  \nAffirmative/Pro: the team or competitor who argues in favor of adopting the resolution.  \nBurden of Proof: the affirmative’s responsibility to prove that the resolution is true. If the affirmative fails to prove theresolution, they ought to lose the debate.  \nBurden of Rejoinder: the negative’s responsibility to disprove the affirmative case. If the negative fails to disprove theresolution, they ought to lose the debate.  \nClash: Direct responses to an opponent’s arguments. Also refer to“refutation.”  \nConstructive: the first speech given by each debater (both teams) in a round, used to build a case. New arguments are permitted during constructive speeches, which distinguish them from rebuttals (wherein new arguments are not allowed) .  \nContention: claims made for or against the resolution. A debate case may be organiz","cbCaifDPT97NhRia","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifDPT97NhRia","pdf",1467932,"English","# BASIC TOURNAMENT TERMINOLOGY\n## Ballot\n## Break\n## Code\n## Divisions\n## Flight\n## Forensics\n## Judge\n## Prelims\n## Posting\n## Record\n## Round\n## Schematics\n## Tab Room\n# DEBATE TERMINOLOGY\n## Affirmative/Pro\n## Burden of Proof\n## Burden of Rejoinder\n## Clash\n## Constructive\n## Contention\n## Cost Benefit Analysis\n## Counterplan\n## Criterion\n## Cross-Examination (CX/Crossfire)\n## Disadvantage\n## Flowing\n## Inherency\n## Judging Paradigm/Preferences\n## Kritik/Critique\n## Negative/Con","[{\"question\":\"What is a ballot in speech and debate?\",\"answer\":\"A ballot is the paper (or online location) where judges record results from an individual competition round and submit them to the tabulation system.\"},{\"question\":\"What does “break” mean in a tournament?\",\"answer\":\"Break refers to advancing to the next level of competition. Break rounds, also called elimination rounds or “elims,” remove a set number of contestants at the end of each heat, with the last break leading to finals.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the difference between constructive speeches and rebuttals?\",\"answer\":\"Constructive is the first speech each debater gives to build a case, and new arguments are allowed. Rebuttals do not permit new arguments, focusing on responding to what has already been presented.\"}]","Speech and Debate Glossary - Essential Terminology Guide | PDF",1790630250]