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The notes cover key origins from J. L. Austin’s How to Do Things With Words (1962) and further development by John Searle, then distinguish locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. It provides an example linking each level to questions, requests, and resulting effects. It also summarizes Searle’s five illocutionary categories (assertives, commissives, directives, declaratives, expressives) and includes exam-style questions on related criticism and linguists.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/speech-act-theory-by-dakshita-singh-revision-notes/329770/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/speech-act-theory-by-dakshita-singh-revision-notes/329770.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Quinn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is Speech Act Theory concerned with?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It studies how language is used not only to present information but also to perform actions through utterances.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts differ?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Locutionary acts are the literal production of sounds and sentences; illocutionary acts are the intended meaning or action; perlocutionary acts are the effects produced in the hearer.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What are the five illocutionary categories in Searle’s classification?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"They are assertives, commissives, directives, declaratives, and expressives, each with a distinct communicative purpose and example.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},329770,1791306861,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962075114765,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","SPEECH ACT  \nTHEORY  \nDAK SH ITA SINGH  \nA subfield of pragmatics that studies how language is used not just to present information,  \nbut also to perform actions.  \nOrigins:  \n• Introduced by J. L. Austin (Oxford philosopher) in How to Do Things With Words (1962).  \n• Developed further by John Searle (American philosopher) .  \nDAK SH ITA SINGH  \n•  \n.  \n• Locutionary acts – the act of producing sounds, words, sentences (literal meaning) .  \n• The content and structure of what is said.  \n• Includes vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation  \n• Illocutionary acts – the intended meaning/action behind the utterance.  \n• Perlocutionary acts – the effects produced in the hearer by the utterance.  \nExample: Saying \"Can you pass the salt?\"Locutionary: Asking about ability.  \nIllocutionary: Requesting the salt. Perlocutionary: Hearer passes the salt.  \nDAK SH ITA SINGH  \nJohn Searle  \nSpeech Act Classification: Five illocutionary points (functions of utterances) .  \n• Assertives  \n• Purpose: Represent how things are.  \n• Example: \"It is raining. \"  \n• Commissives  \n• Purpose: Commit speaker to a future action.  \n• Example: \"I promise to return your book. \"  \n• Directives  \n• Purpose: Get hearer to do something.  \n• Example: \"Please close the window. \"  \n• Declaratives  \n• Purpose: Change the external situation by utterance alone.  \n• Example: \"I now pronounce you husband and wife. \"  \n• Expressives  \n• Purpose: Express feelings/attitudes.  \n• Example: \"I’m sorry for your loss. \"  \nDAK SH ITA SINGH  \nWhich of the Schools of Criticism has strongly opposed Formalism, in both its European and American Varieties, rejecting the view that there is a sharp and definable division between ordinary language and literary language:  \nA. Marxism  \nB. Reader Response Criticism  \nC. Speech–Act Theory  \nD. New Historicism  \nE. Postcolonialism  \nChoose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:  \n1.A, B and E Only  \n2.A, C and E Only  \n3.B, C and D Only  \n4.A, D and E Only  \nDAK SH ITA SINGH  \nWhich pair of linguists in the following list is associated with‘speech acts’?  \nA. Noam Chomsky and Steven Pinker  \nB. J.L. Austin and John Searle  \nC. Paul Grice and Michael Devitt  \nD. Franz Boas and Rudolf Carnap  \n(UGC NET Dec Shift 2, 2021)  \nDAK SH ITA SINGH","cbCaisGSdxLvrjyC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisGSdxLvrjyC","pdf",267178,"English","# Origins\n## J. L. Austin and Searle\n# Types of Acts\n## Locutionary acts\n## Illocutionary acts\n## Perlocutionary acts\n# Speech Act Classification\n## Assertives\n## Commissives\n## Directives\n## Declaratives\n## Expressives\n# Exam Practice Questions","[{\"question\":\"What is Speech Act Theory concerned with?\",\"answer\":\"It studies how language is used not only to present information but also to perform actions through utterances.\"},{\"question\":\"How do locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts differ?\",\"answer\":\"Locutionary acts are the literal production of sounds and sentences; illocutionary acts are the intended meaning or action; perlocutionary acts are the effects produced in the hearer.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the five illocutionary categories in Searle’s classification?\",\"answer\":\"They are assertives, commissives, directives, declaratives, and expressives, each with a distinct communicative purpose and example.\"}]","Speech Act Theory - by Dakshita Singh - Revision Notes | PDF",1789985595,15]