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The overview highlights rising incidence and mortality, the need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and advances in targeted and individualized treatment using molecular and genetic tumor features. It summarizes contributions including immunotherapy in endometrial cancer, immune and genetic biomarkers, Lynch syndrome analysis, and studies proposing new markers for triple-negative breast cancer, including mechanistic insights and prognostic indicators.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/special-issue-molecular-signatures-of-gynecological-cancersbreast-cancer-ovarian-cancer-cervical-cancer-and-endometrial-cancer-20/332652/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/special-issue-molecular-signatures-of-gynecological-cancersbreast-cancer-ovarian-cancer-cervical-cancer-and-endometrial-cancer-20/332652.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sage","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the focus of the Special Issue editorial?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It focuses on molecular signatures driving carcinogenesis and clinical implications across breast, ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the editorial connect molecular features to treatment outcomes?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It explains that targeted and individualized therapy based on tumor molecular and genetic characteristics can improve therapeutic outcomes and survival.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which diagnostic or prognostic approaches are highlighted for endometrial cancer?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The text discusses tumor microenvironment roles, CD20+ B lymphocytes and the CD8-to-CD20 ratio as markers, and Lynch syndrome assessment using methods such as IHC, MLH1 promoter hypermethylation, and whole-exome sequencing.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},332652,1790121772,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":52,"preview_page_count":4},687197207057,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Editorial  \nSpecial Issue: “Molecular Signatures of Gynecological Cancers—Breast Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Cervical Cancer, and Endometrial Cancer 2.0”  \nLyudmila Gulyaeva 1,2  \nCitation: Gulyaeva, L. Special Issue:“Molecular Signatures of Gynecological Cancers—Breast Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Cervical Cancer, and Endometrial Cancer 2 .0”. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 11275 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijms252011275  \nReceived: 1 October 2024  \nAccepted: 12 October 2024  \nPublished: 20 October 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Federal Research Center “Fundamental and Translational Medicine”, Timakov St. 2, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; [lfgulyaeva@gmail.com](lfgulyaeva@gmail.com)  \n2 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zelman Faculty of Medicine and Psychology,“Novosibirsk State University”, Pirogov St. 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia  \nCancer of women’s reproductive organs (gynecological cancers) and breast cancer affect women all over the world. Scientific and medical research data indicate that the frequency as well as mortality rate of such cancers are continuously rising. Therefore, improving patient survival requires further development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Significant progress has been made in targeted therapy for gynecological cancers based on emerging knowledge of the molecular and genetic characteristics of tumors. In particular, individualized therapy based on patient tumor characteristics markedly improved the therapeutic outcomes and patient survival. This is particularly evident in cases with high MSI (for example, for endometrial cancer), where the immune checkpoint inhibitors dostarlimab and pembrolizumab/lenvatinib are the most effective [1] . HRD detection in high-grade ovarian carcinoma as an indicator for using PARP inhibitors gave promising results [2] . However, there are still many unresolved therapeutic challenges, including triple-negative breast cancer, especially at an advanced stage.  \nThis Special Issue consists of nine original articles and two reviews that focus on studying the mechanisms of carcinogenesis as well as clinical aspects, including a search for novel markers for prognosis and treatment. The article by Anastasia Maltseva et al. focuses on immunotherapy in endometrial cancer and shows the important role of the tumor microenvironment [3] . The authors make an important statement that the proportion of CD20+ B lymphocytes and the CD8-to-CD20 lymphocyte ratio in the stroma of endometrial cancer serves as both a prognostic marker of response to immunotargeted therapy and a prognostic factor for progression-free survival in patients. Rong Bu et al. studied Lynch syndrome (LS) in patients with endometrial cancer and showed for the first time that 12.2% of patients in Saudi Arabia were DNA mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) [4] . The authors performed a thorough analysis of damage using IHC to detect dMMR, an MLH1 promoter hypermethylation analysis, as well as a whole-exome sequencing analysis.  \nSeven cases were found to have varied and uncertain significance in cancer-related genes other than the MMR genes. This study is important for identifying women with LSand LLS in order to form risk groups, as well as to use immunotherapy for patients with endometrial cancer. Several studies aimed to identify novel markers for breast cancer: It was shown early that ASAP1, also known as ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1, is associated with poor prognosis in various types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancer [5,6] . Park et al. showed that low ASAP1 expression was associat","cbCaiqgsO8sKOLjj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqgsO8sKOLjj","pdf",177410,"English","# Editorial\n## Molecular signatures and therapeutic progress\n## Endometrial cancer immunotherapy and biomarkers\n## Lynch syndrome and DNA mismatch repair\n## Breast cancer markers and triple-negative mechanisms","[{\"question\":\"What is the focus of the Special Issue editorial?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on molecular signatures driving carcinogenesis and clinical implications across breast, ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the editorial connect molecular features to treatment outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that targeted and individualized therapy based on tumor molecular and genetic characteristics can improve therapeutic outcomes and survival.\"},{\"question\":\"Which diagnostic or prognostic approaches are highlighted for endometrial cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The text discusses tumor microenvironment roles, CD20+ B lymphocytes and the CD8-to-CD20 ratio as markers, and Lynch syndrome assessment using methods such as IHC, MLH1 promoter hypermethylation, and whole-exome sequencing.\"}]","Special Issue - Molecular Signatures of Gynecological Cancers—Breast Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Cervical Cancer, and Endometrial Cancer 2.0 | PDF",1789998998]