[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-597115-105":59,"doc-detail-597115-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","special-featurescontributions-speciales-abstract-introduction-american-experience","SPECIAL FEATURES/CONTRIBUTIONS SPÉCIALES - Abstract - Introduction - American Experience","","The article explains postsecondary education consortia as formal collaborative arrangements between two or more institutions, aimed at strengthening academic programs and other services. It reviews forty years of United States experience and summarizes consortia in Canada based on a national survey. Benefits include reduced duplication, improved quality, broader program diversity, greater accessibility, financial advancement, better communication, and more effective planning and control. Risks include lack of trust, unequal commitment, cost-reduction bias, unclear expectations, and structural or theoretical irrelevance.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/special-featurescontributions-speciales-abstract-introduction-american-experience/597115/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/special-featurescontributions-speciales-abstract-introduction-american-experience/597115.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rainbow Cat","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is a postsecondary consortium, according to the article?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It is a formal arrangement in which two or more institutions agree to pursue programs that strengthen academic offerings, improve administration, or address other special needs.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What advantages of consortia does the article highlight?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The article cites benefits such as reducing duplication, improving quality, increasing program diversity and accessibility, advancing finances, and enabling more effective planning and control.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What cautions or risks does the article raise about consortia?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It notes potential problems including lack of trust, unequal commitment among members, overemphasis on cost reduction, unclear expectations, and mismatches between membership and mission, along with irrelevant structure or theory.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},597115,1792084400,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962090769181,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","# SPECIAL FEATURES/CONTRIBUTIONS SPÉCIALES\n\nConsortia in Postsecondary Education  \nABRAM G.KONRAD and JAMES M.SMALL*  \n## ABSTRACT\n\nThis article presents the concept of consortia as formal collaborative arrange-ments between institutions,which are designed to enhance academic programs orother services provided.Forty years of experience in the United States arereviewed through the literature,and a synopsis of consortia in Canada ispresented.  \nFrom this review,some “pros and cons”of consortia are raised.Advantagesinclude:reducing duplication,improving quality,increasing program diversity,increasing accessibility,financial advancement,improving communication andmore effective planning and control.Cautions raised include:lack of trust,unequal commitment bymembers,undue emphasis on reducing costs,lack ofclearexpectations,mismatching membership and mission and irrelevant structure andtheory.  \nThe authors conclude that the promise of consortia is such that more detailedstudy of Canadian consortia is warranted.  \n## RÉSUMÉ\n\nCet article présente le concept de consortiums comme étant des arrangements decollaborations formelles entre institutions.Les consortiums veulent améliorer lesprogrammes académiques ou tout autres services.L'expérience de quaranteannees aux Etats-Unis est presentée en survol et un sommaire des consortiums auCanada est offert.  \nA partir de ce survol de la recherche les avantages et les inconvénients desconsortiums sont donnés.Parmi les avantages on retrouve les suivants:reduire ledédoublement,améliorer la qualité,augmenter la variété de programmes,augmenter la facilité d'acces,améliorer la communication,minimiser lesdépenses,et permettre une planification et un controle plus efficaces.Les dangerssuivants sont retenus:manque de confiance,engagements inéquaux parmi les  \nparticipants,trop grande insistance sur laréduction des couts,manque d'attentesclaires,conflits de personnalités et de buts,structure et théorie non pertinentes.  \nLa conclusion des auteurs est que la promesse offerte par les consortiums exigedes études plus approfondies dans un contexte canadien.  \n## Introduction\n\nUntil recently,postsecondary education has been characterized by institutionalautonomy and academic freedom.During the past two decades,institutionalcooperation has achieved prominence in various sectors of postsecondaryeducation.In the face of stabilizing enrolments,economic inflation,fiscalconstraints,and mounting political pressures,new governance arrangements haveemerged.Consortia are among these cooperative organizational arrangementsbetween two or more institutions,designed to enhance the achievement ofinstitutional goals.Consortia have proven to be an effective means of formalizingworking arrangements between institutions,particularly in the United States overthe past 40 years,and more recently in Canada.  \nThis article reviews the American experience and provides an overview ofpostsecondary consortia in Canada from information derived by a national survey.From this information,the prospects for consortia in Canada and their potentialcontribution to the advancement of higher education are assessed.  \n## The Concept of Consortia\n\nMoore(1968:175)defines a postsecondary consortium as,  \n…an arrangement whereby two or more institutions-at least one of which isan institution of higher education-agree to pursue between,or among them,aprogram for strengthening academic programs,improving administration,orproviding for other special needs.  \nStructurally,a consortium is characterized by:a voluntary formal organization;two or more member institutions;multi-academic programs;at least oneprofessional administrator;and an annual contribution or other tangible evidenceof long-term commitment of members(Patterson,1977).  \nThe primary purpose of academic consortia is to strengthen educationalofferings by more effectively allocating money,staff and facilities.There is alsoan important element of enlightened self-interest behind the creation of a","cbCaiegFE4BnrHEu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiegFE4BnrHEu","pdf",624499,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Résumé\n# Introduction\n# The Concept of Consortia\n# The American Experience\n## Emergence\n## Structure","[{\"question\":\"What is a postsecondary consortium, according to the article?\",\"answer\":\"It is a formal arrangement in which two or more institutions agree to pursue programs that strengthen academic offerings, improve administration, or address other special needs.\"},{\"question\":\"What advantages of consortia does the article highlight?\",\"answer\":\"The article cites benefits such as reducing duplication, improving quality, increasing program diversity and accessibility, advancing finances, and enabling more effective planning and control.\"},{\"question\":\"What cautions or risks does the article raise about consortia?\",\"answer\":\"It notes potential problems including lack of trust, unequal commitment among members, overemphasis on cost reduction, unclear expectations, and mismatches between membership and mission, along with irrelevant structure or theory.\"}]","SPECIAL FEATURES/CONTRIBUTIONS SPÉCIALES - Abstract - Introduction - American Experience | PDF",33]