[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-354155-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-354155-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","sparcl1-enrichment-at-the-glioblastoma-invasive-front-is-consistent-with-synaptogenic-and-angiogenic-tumor-niches","SPARCL1 Enrichment at the Glioblastoma Invasive Front Is Consistent with Synaptogenic and Angiogenic Tumor Niches","","Astrocytes shape the neural microenvironment that cancers can exploit to drive growth and invasion. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-like 1 (SPARCL1), expressed by astrocytes and stromal cells, shows inconsistent reports across cancers, especially glioblastoma (GBM). Public transcriptomic resources from Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (Ivy GAP), GlioVis, and TCGA were analyzed to resolve SPARCL1 expression patterns across cohorts and tumor regions. Spatial data indicate enrichment at the leading edge and infiltrating areas, linking tumor architecture and microenvironment interactions with synaptogenic and angiogenic niches.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/sparcl1-enrichment-at-the-glioblastoma-invasive-front-is-consistent-with-synaptogenic-and-angiogenic-tumor-niches/354155/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/sparcl1-enrichment-at-the-glioblastoma-invasive-front-is-consistent-with-synaptogenic-and-angiogenic-tumor-niches/354155.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Nguyễn Văn Học","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why are SPARCL1 findings considered inconsistent in glioblastoma?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Reports of SPARCL1 expression in gliomas are conflicting, and the biological context behind these differences is described as unclear. The study tests whether spatial tumor architecture and microenvironment interactions explain divergent observations.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which datasets were used to analyze SPARCL1 expression in GBM?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The study analyzes publicly available transcriptomic datasets from Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (Ivy GAP), GlioVis, and TCGA. Spatially resolved Ivy GAP data assess defined tumor regions, while GlioVis and TCGA assess whole-tumor samples.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What spatial pattern of SPARCL1 expression is reported in the study?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Spatial transcriptomics from Ivy GAP show SPARCL1 upregulation along the leading edge and within infiltrating tumor regions. 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Allgood 1,*, Torrance Johnson 2 and Jessica E. Pullan 2  \nAcademic Editor: Mario Costa  \nReceived: 18 March 2026  \nRevised: 25 April 2026  \nAccepted: 29 April 2026  \nPublished: 30 April 2026  \nCopyright: © 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA  \n2 Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84720, USA; [jessicapullan@suu.edu](jessicapullan@suu.edu) (J.E.P.)  \n* [Correspondence: julianne.allgood@ut.rvu.edu](Correspondence: julianne.allgood@ut.rvu.edu)  \nAbstract  \nAstrocytes regulate key aspects of the neural microenvironment that can be co-opted by cancer to support tumor growth and invasion. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteinelike 1 (SPARCL1) is a matricellular glycoprotein expressed by astrocytes and stromal cells, whose expression varies across cancer types. While SPARCL1 is downregulated in many peripheral cancers, reports of its expression in gliomas, specifically glioblastoma (GBM), are inconsistent. The biological context underlying these divergent findings, and the role of SPARCL1 in GBM malignancy, remains unclear. Publicly available transcriptomic datasets from the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (Ivy GAP), GlioVis, and TCGA were analyzed to evaluate SPARCL1 expression across GBM cohorts. Spatially resolved gene expression data from Ivy GAP were used to assess SPARCL1 expression from defined tumor regions. Microarray and RNA sequencing datasets from GlioVis and TCGA, respectively, were used to assess SPARCL1 expression across whole-tumor samples. Spatial transcriptomics from Ivy GAP show SPARCL1 expression was upregulated along the leading edge and in infiltrating tumor regions. Microarray datasets showed greater SPARCL1 expression in tumors of astrocyte lineage as opposed to oligodendrocyte lineage. Bulk RNA sequencing showed high SPARCL1 expression in low-grade gliomas, which is consistent with astrocytic lineage, IDH mutation, and spatial averaging effects that might obscure regional associations. These findings demonstrate that SPARCL1 expression in GBM is shaped by tumor architecture, molecular classification, and microenvironment interactions. Enrichment of SPARCl1 at invasive tumor margins is consistent with prior studies linking SPARCL1 to neuron–glioma synapse formation and angiogenesis.  \nKeywords: SPARCL1; glioblastoma; infiltrating tumor  \n1. Introduction  \nMalignancies arising from glial cells, collectively termed gliomas, represent the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults, with an incidence of approximately six per 100,000 individuals in the United States [1] . The most aggressive glioma subtype is glioblastoma (GBM), which is defined as a grade 4, IDH-wildtype, diffuse astrocytic glioma with distinct histologic or molecular criteria by the 2021 WHO classification guidelines [2] . GBM carries a poor prognosis, with a median survival of 12–15 months and a high chance of recurrence following surgical resection due to its highly aggressive, diffusely infiltrative nature [3–5] .  \nSequencing of GBM tumors and surrounding tissue has recently begun to elucidate the molecular determinants underlying GBM aggressiveness, cellular plasticity, and transcriptional state switching. These techniques allow for the identification of key genes that influence invasive behavior, treatment resistance, and disease progression. One emerging molecular candidate in this context is secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-like 1 (SPARCL1), a matricellular glycoprotein that has variable expression by astrocytes and stromal cells in development and disease states.  \nSPARCL1 is expressed throughout t","cbCaifqWcnTe9Kdb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifqWcnTe9Kdb","pdf",2590007,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction\n## Glioblastoma background and prognosis\n## SPARCL1 in neural development and injury\n## SPARCL1 roles outside the CNS\n## SPARCL1 in gliomas and reported inconsistencies","[{\"question\":\"Why are SPARCL1 findings considered inconsistent in glioblastoma?\",\"answer\":\"Reports of SPARCL1 expression in gliomas are conflicting, and the biological context behind these differences is described as unclear. The study tests whether spatial tumor architecture and microenvironment interactions explain divergent observations.\"},{\"question\":\"Which datasets were used to analyze SPARCL1 expression in GBM?\",\"answer\":\"The study analyzes publicly available transcriptomic datasets from Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (Ivy GAP), GlioVis, and TCGA. Spatially resolved Ivy GAP data assess defined tumor regions, while GlioVis and TCGA assess whole-tumor samples.\"},{\"question\":\"What spatial pattern of SPARCL1 expression is reported in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Spatial transcriptomics from Ivy GAP show SPARCL1 upregulation along the leading edge and within infiltrating tumor regions. This supports the idea that enrichment occurs at invasive margins.\"}]","SPARCL1 Enrichment at the Glioblastoma Invasive Front Is Consistent with Synaptogenic and Angiogenic Tumor Niches | PDF",1790109266,25]