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The foreword explains the aim to include up-to-date commerce vocabulary (such as modern communications and transport terms), while also addressing difficulties like uncertain etymology, loanwords, and regional usages, supported with notes when terms are local or South-American. It also clarifies spelling issues and the editorial meanings of dashes and brackets.",{"@graph":69,"@context":109},[70,84,100],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/spanish-english-and-english-spanish-commercial-dictionary-of-words-and-terms-used-in-commercial-correspondence/147293/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"author":86,"headline":65,"publisher":89,"fileFormat":92,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":93,"datePublished":94,"encodingFormat":92,"isAccessibleForFree":95,"interactionStatistic":96},"DigitalDocument",{"name":87,"@type":88},"วิน","Person",{"url":74,"name":90,"@type":91},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-11","2026-08-26",true,{"@type":97,"interactionType":98,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":99},"ViewAction",{"@type":101,"mainEntity":102},"FAQPage",[103],{"name":104,"@type":105,"acceptedAnswer":106},"Why are loanwords and locally used words included, and how are they marked?","Question",{"text":107,"@type":108},"Loanwords from languages like French and English, plus terms from Spanish Americas, are included for practical reference; when words are adapted or not recognized as standard Spanish, they are typically italicised and notes may indicate local usage.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":111,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":90,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":113,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":115,"site_id":62},147293,1787761748,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":118},{"doc_id":115,"user_id":119,"nickname":87,"user_avatar":120,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":121,"file_id":122,"file_url":123,"file_type":124,"file_size":125,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":126,"language":127,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":128,"faqs":129,"seo_title":130,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":116,"read_time":131},2336475104736,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c5e0e5b17e70?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786591360781797222","SPANISJ·JNGLISUENGLJSH-SPANISHCOMMIRCIA!DJCTIONARY  \nG,尺.MAC)ONALD  \n# SPANISH-ENGLISHAND\n\nENGLISH-SPANISHCOMMERCIALDICTIONARY  \n\n| From the same Publishers  \u003Cbr>MANUAL OF SPANISH COMMERCIAL CORRE-  \u003Cbr>SPONDENCE.By G.R.MACDONALD.Crown 8vo,  \u003Cbr>cloth gilt,328pp.,3s.6d.net.  \u003Cbr>COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE IN SPANISH.  \u003Cbr>Crown 8vo,cloth,240 Pp.,2s.Bd.  \u003Cbr>SPANISH BUSINESS LETTERS.First Series.Crown  \u003Cbr>8vo,6d.net.  \u003Cbr>SPANISH BUSINESS LETTERS.Second Series.By  \u003Cbr>E.McCONNELL.Crown 8vo,48 pp.,6d.net.   出·  \u003Cbr>SPANISH BUSINESS INTERVIEWS.  With Corre-  \u003Cbr>spondence,Invoices,etc.Crown 8vo,paper,1s.;  \u003Cbr>a  \u003Cbr>cloth,Is.bd.   2  \u003Cbr>COMMERCIAL SPANISH GRAMMAR.  ByC.A.  \u003Cbr>TOLEDANO.Crown 8vo,cloth gilt,250 Pp.,2s.6d.net.  \u003Cbr>Key,66 pp.,2s.net.  \u003Cbr>SPANISH COMMERCIAL PHRASES.With abbreviations  \u003Cbr>and translation.Crown 8vo,6d.net.  \u003Cbr>READINGSIN COMMERCIAL SPANISH.With notes  \u003Cbr>and translations in English.Crown 8vo,cloth,90 pp.,  \u003Cbr>1s.net.  \u003Cbr>EXAMINATION NOTES ON SPANISH.By ALFRED  \u003Cbr>CALVERT.Cloth,6 in.by 3ł in.,56 pp.,1s.net.  \u003Cbr>TOURISTS’VADEIMECUM OF SPANISH COLLOQUIAL  \u003Cbr>CONVERSATION.With vocabularies,tables,etc.,  \u003Cbr>and generalrules on pronunciation.Cloth,1s.net.  \u003Cbr>EASY SPANISH CONVERSATIONAL SENTENCES.  \u003Cbr>Crown 8vo,6d.net.  \u003Cbr>ADVANCED SPANISH CONVERSATIONAL EXERCISES.  \u003Cbr>Crown 8vo,6d.net.  \u003Cbr>PRACTICAL SPANISHGRAMMAR.Crown 8vo,Io8 pp.,  \u003Cbr>paper,1s.;cloth,1s.Bd.  \u003Cbr>才   |\n| --- |\n\nSPANISH-ENGLISHAND  \nENGLISH-SPANISHCOMMERCIALDICTIONARY  \nOF THE WORDS AND TERMS USED IN COM-MERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE WHICH ARE NOTGIVEN IN THE DICTIONARIES IN ORDINARYUSE;COMPOUND PHRASES,IDIOMATIC ANDTECHNICAL EXPRESSIONS,ETC.  \nG.R.MACDONALD  \nsoCIETY OF ARTS'FIRST PRIZEMAN AND SILVER MEDALLISTFOR SPANISH,PORTUGUESE,ITALIAN,AND DANO-NORWEGIAN;LECTURER IN SPANISH AT THE MUNICIPAL SCHOOL OFCOMMERCE,MANCHESTER;AUTHOR OF“MANUAL OF SPANISHCOMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE,\"ETC.  \n4  \nLoNDON  \nSIR IsAAC PITMAN &Sons,LTD.,1 AMEN CoRNER,E.C.BATH,NEW YoRK AND MELBOURNE  \nPRINTED BY SIR ISAAC PITMAN&Sons,LTD.,LoNDON,BATH,NEW YORK AND MELBOURNE  \n# FOREWORD\n\nIn compiling this commercial dictionary,the aim has beento include all the words and expressions which are generallyused in commerce,excluding those which do not come underthis category.That the work is thoroughly up to date willbe readily seen by reference to such words as“wireless tele-graphy,Marconigram,aeroplane,typist,taxi-cab,under-ground railway,etc.,\"which are not to be found in mostSpanish-English dictionaries published hitherto.  \nMany difficulties have been encountered in the preparationof this work,and the greatest of these was that constitutedby words of doubtful etymology,or words borrowed fromother languages.Some words are used in commerce,par-ticularly with the Spanish Americas,which are not recog-nised by the dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy.If such words were excluded entirely from a commercialdictionary,this would lose much of its practical utility andvalue as a reference.Moreover,it frequently happens thatwords which are first introduced by commercial men areadmitted into the language in course of time.In the pre-sent work it has been deemed expedient to include many suchimportant words;and in cases where they are purely local,or South-American,a note to that effect has been given.  \nLike ourselves,the Spaniards employ many words whichthey have borrowed or adapted from the French,such as:garage,chaufeur,bon marché,début,buffet,grippe,etc.;andmany others relating to articles of dress,such as crepe(Spanish version:crepé),moiré,etc.From the Englishlanguage the Spaniards have also borrowed many words,such as\"bar (in a public-house),club,detective,inch,jersey,sweater(garment),lock-out(in trade disputes),etc.,record,reporter,trust(an industrial combine),hall,arrowroot,etc.,etc.\"They have,of course,their own versions of many ofthese words(e.g.,bufete,bar;circulo or equipo,club;pulgada,inch;salón,hall;etc.).There are also certain coined or  \nadapted versions","cbCaivKViBNA3IN4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivKViBNA3IN4","pdf",41437261,668,"English","# Foreword","[{\"question\":\"Why are loanwords and locally used words included, and how are they marked?\",\"answer\":\"Loanwords from languages like French and English, plus terms from Spanish Americas, are included for practical reference; when words are adapted or not recognized as standard Spanish, they are typically italicised and notes may indicate local usage.\"}]","Spanish-English and English-Spanish Commercial Dictionary of Words and Terms Used in Commercial Correspondence | PDF",1683]