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The book sets out the complexities of Spanish in short, readable sections, and explanations are clear and free from jargon.  \nThe Grammar is the ideal reference source for the learner and user of Spanish. It is suitable for either independent study or for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.  \nFeatures include:  \n• Clear distinctions between the essential and basic aspects of Spanish grammar and those that are more complex  \n• Full use of authentic examples  \n• Simple explanations of areas that customarily pose problems for English speakers  \n• Detailed contents list and index for easy access to information  \nPeter T. Bradley is Emeritus Professor of Latin American History and Ian Mackenzie is Senior Lecturer in Spanish, both at Newcastle University.  \nRoutledge Essential Grammars  \nEssential Grammars are available for the following languages:  \nChinese Danish Dutch English Finnish  \nGreek Hungarian Modern Hebrew Norwegian Polish  \nPortuguese Spanish  \nSwedish Thai Urdu  \nOther titles of related interest published by Routledge:  \nModern Spanish Grammar: A Practical Guide, Second Edition By Juan Kattán-Ibarra and Christopher J. Pountain  \nModern Spanish Grammar Workbook, Second Edition By Juan Kattán-Ibarra and Irene Wilkie  \nColloquial Spanish By Untza Otaola Alday  \nColloquial Spanish 2  \nBy Untza Otaola Alday  \nSpanish  \nAn Essential Grammar  \n Peter T. Bradley and Ian Mackenzie  \nFirst published 2004  \nby Routledge  \n11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge  \n29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001  \nRoutledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group  \nThis edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004.  \n© 2004 Peter T. Bradley and Ian Mackenzie  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.  \nBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication Data  \nA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data  \nBradley, Peter T., 1943–  \nSpanish: an essential grammar/Peter T. Bradley and Ian Mackenzie.  \n[p. cm](p. cm).–(Routledge Essential grammars)  \nIncludes index.  \n1. Spanish language–Grammar. I. Mackenzie, I.E., 1965– II. Title.  \nIII. Series: Essential grammar.  \nPC4112. B63 2004  \n468.2′421–dc22 2003020645 ISBN 0-203-49729-5 Master e-book ISBN  \nISBN 0-203-57133-9 (Adobe eReader Format)  \nISBN 0–415–28642–5 (hbk)  \nISBN 0–415–28643–3 (pbk)  \nContents  \nPreface xiii  \nAcknowledgement xv  \nSymbols xvi  \nChapter 1 The alphabet, pronunciation, stress, spelling and punctuation 1  \n1.1 The alphabet 1  \n1.2 Pronunciation 2  \n1.3 Stress and written accents 6  \n1.4 Spelling – capital letters 9  \n1.5 Punctuation 11  \nChapter 2 Nouns 13  \n2.1 Plural forms of nouns 13  \n2.2 Gender 18  \n2.3 Collective nouns and agreement 26  \nChapter 3 Definite and indefinite articles 27  \n3.1 Forms of the articles 27  \n3.2 The definite article 29  \n3.3 The indefinite article 36  \n3.4 The neuter article lo 40  \nChapter 4 Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns 43  \n4.1 Demonstrative adjectives 43  \n4.2 Masculine and feminine demonstrative pronouns 45  \n4.3 Neuter demonstrative pronouns 46  \nv  \nChapter 5 Possessive adjectives 47  \n5.1 Possessive adjectives before the noun 47  \n5.2 Possessive adjectives after the noun 48  \n5.3 Definite and neuter articles with possessives 49  \n5.4 Avoidance of ambiguity with su/sus and suyo/a/os/as 49  \n5.5 Parts of the body ","cbCaioG5bTnRGEcU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioG5bTnRGEcU","pdf",2606567,343,"English","# Preface\n# Acknowledgement\n# Symbols\n# Chapter 1 The alphabet, pronunciation, stress, spelling and punctuation\n## 1.1 The alphabet\n## 1.2 Pronunciation\n## 1.3 Stress and written accents\n## 1.4 Spelling – capital letters\n## 1.5 Punctuation\n# Chapter 2 Nouns\n## 2.1 Plural forms of nouns\n## 2.2 Gender\n## 2.3 Collective nouns and agreement\n# Chapter 3 Definite and indefinite articles\n## 3.1 Forms of the articles\n## 3.2 The definite article\n## 3.3 The indefinite article\n## 3.4 The neuter article lo\n# Chapter 4 Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns\n## 4.1 Demonstrative adjectives\n## 4.2 Masculine and feminine demonstrative pronouns\n## 4.3 Neuter demonstrative pronouns\n# Chapter 5 Possessive adjectives\n## 5.1 Possessive adjectives before the noun\n## 5.2 Possessive adjectives after the noun\n## 5.3 Definite and neuter articles with possessives\n## 5.4 Avoidance of ambiguity with su/sus and suyo/a/os/as","[{\"question\":\"What makes Spanish: An Essential Grammar different from a general textbook?\",\"answer\":\"It is a concise reference organized into short, readable sections, separating essential and basic aspects and using clear explanations without heavy jargon.\"},{\"question\":\"Who is the book suitable for?\",\"answer\":\"It fits independent study and also supports students in schools, colleges, universities, and adult classes.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book help learners who are native English speakers?\",\"answer\":\"It includes simple explanations of areas that commonly pose problems and uses authentic examples to clarify usage.\"}]","Spanish - An Essential Grammar - Routledge Essential Grammars | PDF",1790614420,864]