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Guided by a repetition-based hypothesis, the paper implements spaced L2 vocabulary acquisition strategy across second-year students, using seven audio lessons to strengthen long-term memory. Participants are divided into one experimental and two comparison groups, and outcomes compare performance on an end-of-experiment test, highlighting effectiveness for lexical growth via incidental listening.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/spaced-vocabulary-acquisition-while-incidental-listening-by-esl-university-students/589156/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/spaced-vocabulary-acquisition-while-incidental-listening-by-esl-university-students/589156.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Nguyễn Văn Học","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-12","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the study’s main focus?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study examines the effects of spaced vocabulary learning while incidental listening on ESL university students’ acquisition of English words.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Who participated in the experiment?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The study involved 51 Ukrainian-speaking ESL learners (second-year university students, age 17–19), assigned to one experimental group and two comparison groups.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How was spaced learning implemented in the research?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The research used spaced repetition with seven audio lessons designed to increase long-term retention and repeated exposure to the target vocabulary during incidental listening.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},589156,1792160806,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374402739827,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000c97e7351f1a627?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1787885694763230660","DOI: 10.20535/2410-8286 .250501  \nSPACED VOCABULARY ACQUISITION WHILE INCIDENTAL LISTENING BY ESL  \nUNIVERSITY STUDENTS  \nTetiana Zubenko, Anastasiia Gavrylenko, Tetyana Zhyvotovska, Nadiia Vasylieva  \nPetro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Mykolaiv, Ukraine [zubenko47@chmnu.edu.ua](zubenko47@chmnu.edu.ua)  \nBased on a prior study by Zubenko and Shwedel (2019), the present study investigated the possible effects of repetition (repeated exposure) on the incidental acquisition and retention of 120 English target words by 51 Ukrainian-speaking ESL learners at a Ukrainian university. The hypothesis was that regular repetition of vocabulary while incidental listening would have a significant and positive effect on students’ vocabulary acquisition and performance. The paper examines the results of the implementation of spaced repetition of L2 vocabulary strategy of the second-year students who were covering the same vocabulary they learned during the experiment in the previous year. 7 audio lessons were created for increasing the long-term retention of target vocabulary in the students’ memory. Participants (N=51) were second-year Ukrainian university students majoring in English as a second language (ESL) at the age of 17-19. They were assigned to three groups, one experimental and two comparison. The optimal result based on the interval of repetitions influences the vocabulary recall and retention. Students who used the spaced L2 vocabulary acquisition strategy (SVAS) outperformed on the End-of-Experiment test 84,1 versus 80,6 for the Comparison group. The results prove that spaced L2 vocabulary acquisition strategy is an efficient part of enriching new vocabulary. The findings indicate that implications of this research are connected with the spaced vocabulary acquisition strategy as an effective tool for learning new lexical units by ESL learners while incidental listening to the audio dictionary lessons. Thus, the study results open up new possibilities for the teachers and learners to consider implementing audio dictionaries and similar tools as assets for efficient vocabulary learning.  \nKeywords: vocabulary acquisition; spaced learning; incidental listening; audio dictionary; ESL university students.  \nIntroduction  \nAccording to the Program of English for Universities / Institutes of Foreign Philology (Program, 2001), at the end of the first year of study, students must use about 1500 English lexical units in oral and written communication. Each next year, the number of learned new English lexical units should increase by 1000 words. It means that students must learn at least 100 words per month. To achieve this objective, instructors focus on improving vocabulary acquisition through different input modes, including reading, writing, speaking, and listening. The logical task is to improve strategies and technologies for effective teaching of English vocabulary for youth and adults. Such strategies help direct learning of new words and facilitate vocabulary instruction.  \nThe primary goal of this study was to examine the effects of spaced learning vocabulary while incidental listening on its acquisition among ESL university students.  \nLiterature review  \nVocabulary learning has been extensively studied by second language (L2) acquisition scholars in various aspects. In relation to the presented study, the scholarship in the following areas is discussed:  \n(1) incidental L2 vocabulary learning; (2) effects of repetition on vocabulary knowledge; (3) spacing and second language acquisition; (4) spacing and retention.  \nIncidental L2 vocabulary learning  \nIncidental vocabulary acquisition is an approach to learning words, and it is described as a process when“learners incidentally gain knowledge of words in small increments, building upon their previous gains through repeated encounters until a word is known”(Webb, 2008, p. 232) . The researchers examined L2 incidental vocabulary gain through different input modes: reading","cbCaitlBzrv07Lgt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitlBzrv07Lgt","pdf",451287,"English","# Introduction\n## Literature review\n## Incidental L2 vocabulary learning","[{\"question\":\"What is the study’s main focus?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines the effects of spaced vocabulary learning while incidental listening on ESL university students’ acquisition of English words.\"},{\"question\":\"Who participated in the experiment?\",\"answer\":\"The study involved 51 Ukrainian-speaking ESL learners (second-year university students, age 17–19), assigned to one experimental group and two comparison groups.\"},{\"question\":\"How was spaced learning implemented in the research?\",\"answer\":\"The research used spaced repetition with seven audio lessons designed to increase long-term retention and repeated exposure to the target vocabulary during incidental listening.\"}]","SPACED VOCABULARY ACQUISITION WHILE INCIDENTAL LISTENING BY ESL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS | PDF",1792066660,23]