[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-117074-en":3,"doc-seo-117074-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},117074,4810365810221,"Aurora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","Solo Consumption - A machine learning approach - Conceptualizing solo tourism consumption journey","A study conceptualizes the solo tourism consumption journey by combining semi-supervised machine learning with large-scale social-media analysis. Tweets collected between August 2019 and August 2022 are analyzed using seeded-LDA, including seed-set extraction, seed and topic confidence, and model fit evaluations to determine the dimensions of solo tourism conceptualization. Results explain how consumers perceive solo tourism consumption and provide scholars and managers an evidence-based framework and marketing, psychological, and operations-oriented tool for managing the solo consumer segment.","5th International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics (CARMA2023)  \nUniversidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 2023  \nDOI: [http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CARMA2023.2023.16508](http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CARMA2023.2023.16508)  \nSolo Consumption – A machine learning approach  \nAikaterini Manthiou1, Van Ha Luong2, Phil Klaus3  \n1Marketing, Neoma Business School, France, 2Marketing, IESEG School of Management, France, 3Marketing, International University of Monaco, Monaco.  \nAbstract  \nThis study aims at conceptualizing the solo tourism consumption journey. We use a semi-supervised machine learning approach and analyze more than 27,000 tweets. The seed sets extraction, seed and topic confidence and model fit evaluations will provide us with the dimension of solo tourism conceptualization. The results will reveal how consumers perceive solo tourism consumption. This study provides scholars and managers with an evidencebased solo consumption conceptualization, as well as with a marketing, psychological, and operation tool to manage the solo consumer segment.  \nKeywords: Solo tourism; semi-supervised Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA); machine learning approach; tweets  \nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  \nEditorial Universitat Politcnica de Valncia 231  \n1. Introduction  \nDespite the emergence of solo consumption during the pandeminc, it is currently an underresearched area lacking a comprehensive and systematic examination (Leith, 2020; OteguiCarles, Araújo-Vila, & Fraiz-Brea, 2022) . Research has to date analyzed solo tourism in an inconsistent way, which is why it warrants an updated and thorough investigation (Yang, Nimri, & Lai 2022) . This paper aims to provide a holistic and all-inclusive view of the solo tourism consumption byt using twitter data (Otegui-Carles, Araújo-Vila, & Fraiz-Brea, 2022) .  \nOur study contributes in multiple ways to both consumer research and management. First, the study helps identify the key elements of a concise solo tourism construct. Second, this study allows us to assess the existing solo consumption research’s disintegrated state and develop a more comprehensive illustration of it. Third, this research uses a semi-supervised machine learning approach to analyze user-generated contents and validate the solo consumption framework. Fourth, we provide managers and marketers with a valuable tool for comprehending the triggers of solo consumption and the desired experiences.  \n2. Literature review  \nSolo tourism is a state of being alone during a trip (Yang et al., 2022) . Specifically, solo tourism is the activity of tourists traveling to destinations alone and for various reasons (Jonas, 2022) . Solitary consumers are therefore those who choose to travel on their own (Bianchi, 2022) or individuals dining alone at restaurants (Choi et al., 2022) . They are described on the basis of different factors, such as their personal needs, desires, motivations, preferences, and travel behavior (Leith, 2020) .  \nDue to the COVID-19 pandemic, tourists perceive solo tourism as a secure travel option, anda recovery action for the tourism and hospitality industry (Jonas, 2022) . Owing to its complexity, there is no unified agreement on or an all-inclusive understanding of the solitary consumption in existing research. Consequently, a consensual, comprehensive conceptualization of solo tourism consumption is required (Otegui-Carles, Araújo-Vila, & Fraiz-Brea, 2022) .  \n3. Methodology  \nSince the purpose of our study is to scrutinize the meaning of solo tourism through solo tourists’ viewpoints, we used the Twitter API (application programming interface) and the hashtags \\#solotravel and \\#solotourism to collect all related tweets in English published between August 2019 and August 2022. In total, we collected 43,290 unprocessed tweets. We will employ a semi-supervised LDA and the keyATM package to investigate and  \nempirically validate the solo tourism dimensions. Two steps wi","cbCaiusHMJsMQ9AB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiusHMJsMQ9AB","pdf",449752,1,4,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Literature review\n# Methodology\n# Conclusion\n# References","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of the study on solo consumption?\",\"answer\":\"To conceptualize the solo tourism consumption journey and reveal how consumers perceive solo tourism consumption.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the data collected for the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses the Twitter API and collects tweets in English related to #solotravel and #solotourism published between August 2019 and August 2022.\"},{\"question\":\"Which machine learning method does the study apply?\",\"answer\":\"It employs a semi-supervised seeded-LDA approach, using seed set extraction plus seed/topic confidence and model fit evaluations to validate solo tourism dimensions.\"}]","Solo Consumption - A machine learning approach - Conceptualizing solo tourism consumption journey | PDF",1785673568,10,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"solo-consumption-a-machine-learning-approach-conceptualizing-solo-tourism-consumption-journey","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,53,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/solo-consumption-a-machine-learning-approach-conceptualizing-solo-tourism-consumption-journey/117074/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-02",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What is the main goal of the study on solo consumption?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"To conceptualize the solo tourism consumption journey and reveal how consumers perceive solo tourism consumption.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"How is the data collected for the analysis?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"The study uses the Twitter API and collects tweets in English related to #solotravel and #solotourism published between August 2019 and August 2022.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"Which machine learning method does the study apply?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"It employs a semi-supervised seeded-LDA approach, using seed set extraction plus seed/topic confidence and model fit evaluations to validate solo tourism dimensions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,100,104,109,114,119,122,127,130,133],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":131,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":132},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":134,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":135,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":136},19,"General","general"]