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Covers SOE operating principles, including oxygen-ion conduction through yttria-stabilized zirconia, electrode three-phase boundaries, CO2 diffusion and triple-phase boundary reduction pathways, core geometries (monolithic honeycomb, planar vs tubular), and key system limitations. Includes modeling objectives for a MOXIE-style stack and cell-stack sizing inputs and performance drivers.",{"@graph":14,"@context":71},[15,34,54],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/","Technology",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/solid-oxide-co2-electrolysis-technical-overview-session-overview/664591/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":48,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":49,"interactionStatistic":50},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/solid-oxide-co2-electrolysis-technical-overview-session-overview/664591.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"\tCallum ","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":51,"interactionType":52,"userInteractionCount":22},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":53},"ViewAction",{"@type":55,"mainEntity":56},"FAQPage",[57,63,67],{"name":58,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":60},"Why is ISRU important for lunar and Mars exploration?","Question",{"text":61,"@type":62},"ISRU is needed to improve long-term affordability and sustainability. It can reduce launch costs and mission risks, enable reusability of landers and surface assets, and support future space commercialization.","Answer",{"name":64,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":65},"How does SOE generate oxygen from CO2?",{"text":66,"@type":62},"SOE conducts oxygen ions across a solid, non-porous electrolyte at elevated temperatures (800–1000°C). CO2 diffuses to three-phase boundaries, and oxygen is liberated and converted into an oxygen ion via thermal dissociation and electrocatalysis.",{"name":68,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":69},"What are the main differences between planar and tubular SOE designs mentioned here?",{"text":70,"@type":62},"Planar stacks are described as operating at higher efficiency than tubular designs, while tubular systems can operate at higher delta-P. Integration of an external edge manifold to a planar stack is identified as challenging, and limitations include external leakage, thermal cycling/expansions, limited thermal ramp rate, and crack propagation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":73,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":75,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":77,"site_id":7},664591,1793261293,{"code":4,"msg":80,"data":81},"success",[82,86,90,94,99,103,108,113,118,121,125],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":83,"show_sort_weight":84,"slug":85},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":87,"show_sort_weight":88,"slug":89},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":91,"show_sort_weight":92,"slug":93},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":95,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":100,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},6,50,"technology",{"id":104,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":109,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":120},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":122,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":123,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":124},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":127,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":128},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":80,"data":130},{"doc_id":77,"user_id":131,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":100,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":22,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":78,"read_time":143},137451211410,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000bb0a9246f588df?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786362646172706240","NASA Johnson Space Center Thermal and Fluids Analysis Workshop  \nTechnical Members  \nGRC:  \nRobert Green Ian Jakupca Chris Johnston Maria Kuczmarski Subodh Mital  \nJSC:  \nKoorosh Araghi Inhey Robison JPL:  \nGerald Voecks  \nSolid Oxide CO 2 Electrolysis Technical Overview  \nKoorosh Araghi  \n[Koorosh.r.araghi@nasa.gov](Koorosh.r.araghi@nasa.gov)  \nOverview  \n• Motivation  \n• Technology Overview  \n• Geometries  \n• Modeling  \n• Technical Challenges  \n• System Challenges  \n• Life-Limiting Challenges  \n• Performance Challenges  \nMotivation  \n§ In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) is needed for long-term planetary (Lunar & Mars) exploration affordability and sustainability. ISRU can:  \n1) Significantly reduce launch costs and mission risks  \n2) Enhance and enable reusability of landers, space transportation and surface assets  \n3) Support future space commercialization  \n§ ISRU is disruptive & game changing to lunar & Mars exploration architectures  \n§ ISRU can strongly influence architectures, design decisions, and technologies needed in other exploration elements based on:  \n1) ISRU capabilities needed from other elements  \n2) ISRU product availability (ex . degree of life support closure required)  \nSolid Oxide Electrolysis (SOE) Overview  \n• What is SOE?  \n• SOE is the process in which oxygen is generated by conducting oxygen ions across a solid, non-porous electrolyte .  \n• SOE works on the principle that at elevated temperatures (800-1000 deg C), the ceramic electrolyte (yttria-stabilized zirconia) becomes conductive to oxygen ions .  \n• A thin membrane of YSZ is sandwiched between cathode & anode electrodes .  \n• The electrodes are porous, which creates many Three-Phase Boundaries, referring to an interface between the electrolyte phase, electrode phase and gas phase .  \n• For oxygen separation process to begin, the CO2 must diffuse through the porous electrode and come into the vicinity of a three-phase boundary.  \n• Through a combination of thermal dissociation and Electrocatalysis, an oxygen atom is liberated from the CO2 molecule and picks up two electrons from the cathode to an oxygen ion . Triple-Phase Boundary (TPB)  \nIonic conducting phase  \nCO  \n2  \nElectronic conducting phase  \nGas phase  \nCO2 reduction: CO2 + 2e- « CO + O2-  \n-  \n+  \nSOE Geometries  \nCO2 +  \nCO  \nMonollithic Honeycomb  \n• Planar stacks operated at higher efficiency than Tubular designs .  \n• Tubular system is able to operate at higher delta-P then Planer.  \n• Integration of external edge manifold to planar stack is very challenging.  \n• External leakage, thermal cycling /expansions, limited thermal ramp rate and crack/crack propagation are SOE technology limitations .  \n• SOE advancements are included in the ISRU SBIRs and BAA.  \nIInternall Manifolld  \n Modeling Objectives  \n• SOE stack sizing & 2-D heat transfer and thermal insulation design  \n• Create a geometry and mesh of a MOXIE stack.  \n• Initially, a single SOXE plate will be modeled and analyzed for both fluids and solid modeling.  \n• Initial solid model uses flat surfaces, ignoring flow channels .  \n• Heat transfer and reaction kinetics will then be added to the fluid flow model.  \n• Eventually, more cells will be added to the model and plate with flow channels will be modeled.  \n• Parametric analyses on the structural/thermal model will be performed.  \n2001 Mars ISPP Precursor (MIP) Single-Stack Assembly Mars 2020 MOXIE SOXE Assembly  \nSolid Oxide CO 2 Electrolysis Cell-Stack Sizing Model  \n| Solid Oxide CO2 Electrolysis Cell-Stack Design |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| INPUT VALUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| OPERATING CONDITIONS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Mission Duration |  |  |  |  |  | day, | 1 |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |\n| Inlet CO2 Pressure |  | pa, | 50662.5 | psi, | 7.35 | atm, |  |  |\n| Outlet O2 Pressure |  | pa, | 75993.75 | psi, | 11.025 | atm, | 0.75 |  |\n| O","cbCaigmGmCmXjTpX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigmGmCmXjTpX","pdf",20798696,21,"English","# Overview\n## Motivation\n## Technology Overview\n## Solid Oxide Electrolysis (SOE) Overview\n## SOE Geometries\n## Modeling Objectives\n## Cell-Stack Sizing Model","[{\"question\":\"Why is ISRU important for lunar and Mars exploration?\",\"answer\":\"ISRU is needed to improve long-term affordability and sustainability. It can reduce launch costs and mission risks, enable reusability of landers and surface assets, and support future space commercialization.\"},{\"question\":\"How does SOE generate oxygen from CO2?\",\"answer\":\"SOE conducts oxygen ions across a solid, non-porous electrolyte at elevated temperatures (800–1000°C). CO2 diffuses to three-phase boundaries, and oxygen is liberated and converted into an oxygen ion via thermal dissociation and electrocatalysis.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main differences between planar and tubular SOE designs mentioned here?\",\"answer\":\"Planar stacks are described as operating at higher efficiency than tubular designs, while tubular systems can operate at higher delta-P. Integration of an external edge manifold to a planar stack is identified as challenging, and limitations include external leakage, thermal cycling/expansions, limited thermal ramp rate, and crack propagation.\"}]","Solid Oxide CO2 Electrolysis Technical Overview - Session Overview | PDF",53]