[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-656079-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-656079-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","software-engineering-data-flow-diagram-part-2","Software Engineering - Data Flow Diagram - Part 2","","Lecture material on Software Engineering focusing on Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs), specifically “Part 2”. It introduces Structured Analysis by starting from the most abstract representation, the Context Diagram or Level 0 DFD, then decomposes higher-level functions into sub-functions while identifying data inputs and outputs at each step. An RMS calculating example is used to demonstrate Level 0, Level 1, and Level 2 expansions including reading inputs, validation, computation, and displaying results or error messages for out-of-range numbers.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/","Technology",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/software-engineering-data-flow-diagram-part-2/656079/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/software-engineering-data-flow-diagram-part-2/656079.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"cksankcs","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-25",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the Context Diagram (Level 0 DFD) in structured analysis?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It represents the entire system as a single bubble labeled as the main function. It provides the most abstract view before decomposing the system.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How are higher-level DFDs created from a main function?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Each high-level function is decomposed into sub-functions by identifying the sub-functions and the data inputs to and outputs from each sub-function, which are then represented as DFDs.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What does the RMS example show at Level 2 in the DFD?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Level 2 expands bubbles for reading numbers, validating numbers (checking they are within -1000 to +1000), computing RMS, and displaying either the RMS result or an error message like “Number out of range”.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},656079,1793023181,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,105,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,50,"technology",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":102,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":107},3985747882755,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Software Engineering: Data Flow Diagram – Part 2  \nBCA 4th Semester /B.Sc. 4th Semester Paper Code: BCA(2204), B.Sc. (CC9)  \nPaulami Basu Ray Assistant Professor  \nDepartment of Computer Science & Applications Prabhat Kumar College, Contai  \nExample Software  \n􀂖 Consider a software called RMS calculating Software:  \n􀂖 Reads 3 integers in the range-1000 and +1000  \n􀂖 Finds out the root mean square(rms) of the three input numbers  \n􀂖 ~~ ~~13 􀜺√ (􀜽2 +􀜾2 + 􀜿2 ) = 􀜴􀜯􀜵  \n􀂖 Displays the result  \nHow is Structured Analysis performed?  \n􀂖 Initially represent software in the most abstract level:  \n􀂖 Called the Context Diagram or Level 0 DFD  \n􀂖 The entire system is represented as a single bubble.  \n􀂖 The bubble is labelled as the main function of the system  \nHigher Level DFDs  \n􀂖 Each high level function is separately decomposed into sub-functions:  \no Identify the sub-functions  \no Identify the data input to each sub-function  \no Identify the data input from each sub-function  \n􀂾 These are represented as DFDs  \nExample: RMS Calculating Software  \nCompute RMS 0  \nData-items  \nUser  \nResults  \n􀂖 Context Diagram (Level 0 DFD)  \nLevel 1 DFD  \nnumbers  \nData-items   \nresult  \nValid-numbers  \nrms  \nCompute RMS 0.3  \nDisplay 0.4  \nValidate Numbers 0.2  \nRead Numbers 0.1  \nerror  \nLevel 2 DFD: Expansion of Read Numbers bubble 0.1  \nnumbers numbers  \nRead 3 data inputs 0.1.1  \nLevel 2 DFD: Expansion of Validate Numbers bubble  \nNumbers  \nValid-numbers  \nInvalid-numbers  \nCheck if a, b,c >= -1000 anda, b,c \u003C=1000 0.2.1  \nLevel 2 DFD: Expansion of Compute RMS bubble 0.3  \ny  \nCompute  \n􀜽 2 + 􀜾 2 +􀜿2 = x  \n0.3.1  \nValid-numbers x  \nCompute √x = y 0.3.2  \nNote : This expansion with computation details are generally not included in a DFD, it is shown here for better understanding of the subsequent DFD levels  \nRMS  \nLevel 2 DFD: Expansion of display bubble  \nError message  \nresult  \nInvalid numbers  \nrms  \nDisplay message:  \nNumber out of range 0.4.1  \nDisplay rms 0.4.2","cbCaiic5xD1KIe6v","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiic5xD1KIe6v","pdf",395096,16,"English","# How is Structured Analysis performed?\n## Context Diagram (Level 0 DFD)\n## Higher Level DFDs\n# Example: RMS Calculating Software\n## Level 0 and Level 1 DFD\n## Level 2 DFD expansions","[{\"question\":\"What is the Context Diagram (Level 0 DFD) in structured analysis?\",\"answer\":\"It represents the entire system as a single bubble labeled as the main function. It provides the most abstract view before decomposing the system.\"},{\"question\":\"How are higher-level DFDs created from a main function?\",\"answer\":\"Each high-level function is decomposed into sub-functions by identifying the sub-functions and the data inputs to and outputs from each sub-function, which are then represented as DFDs.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the RMS example show at Level 2 in the DFD?\",\"answer\":\"Level 2 expands bubbles for reading numbers, validating numbers (checking they are within -1000 to +1000), computing RMS, and displaying either the RMS result or an error message like “Number out of range”.\"}]","Software Engineering - Data Flow Diagram - Part 2 | PDF",1792966066]