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Learners use Source A on university participation, questionnaires and interviews to identify methods, assess problems and limitations, discuss triangulation and generalisation, and then answer option questions on peer pressure, youth sub-cultures, and minority ethnic poverty and welfare-state outcomes.",{"@graph":14,"@context":64},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/","Exam",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/sociology-paper-1-modified-language/642339/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/sociology-paper-1-modified-language/642339.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Ivy","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":22},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What topics are covered in Section C (Question 3)?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"Section C addresses minority ethnic groups, higher poverty risk, the role of the welfare state, unemployment and low pay, meanings like the welfare state, ways governments can improve life chances, and whether discrimination has been eliminated.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":66,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":68,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":70,"site_id":7},642339,1792721874,{"code":4,"msg":73,"data":74},"success",[75,79,83,86,91,96,101,106,111,114,118],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":76,"show_sort_weight":77,"slug":78},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":80,"show_sort_weight":81,"slug":82},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":84,"slug":85},70,"exam",{"id":87,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":92,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":109,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":113},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":117},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":87,"slug":121},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":73,"data":123},{"doc_id":70,"user_id":124,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":125,"doc_module":4,"category_id":33,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":126,"file_id":127,"file_url":128,"file_type":129,"file_size":130,"view_count":22,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":33,"language":131,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":132,"faqs":133,"seo_title":134,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":71,"read_time":115},549758252649,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819","Cambridge International Examinations  \nCambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education  \n\n| SOCIOLOGY\u003Cbr>Paper 1\u003Cbr>Additional Materials: | 0495/12 May/June 2018\u003Cbr>2 hours (including 15 minutes’ reading time)\u003Cbr>Answer Booklet/Paper\u003Cbr>MODIFIED LANGUAGE |\n| --- | --- |\n| READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST\u003Cbr>An answer booklet is provided inside this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.\u003Cbr>Answer Question 1 and either Question 2 or Question 3.\u003Cbr>The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. |  |\n\nThis document consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page.  \nDC (RW) 167436 © UCLES 2018  \n[Turn over  \n2  \nSection A: Theory and methods  \nAnswer Question 1.  \n1 Source A  \nDiane Reay and her colleagues wanted to study people going to university in the UK, who were not from traditional middle class backgrounds.  \nThe researchers studied people from six different universities as their sample population. They gave out 502 questionnaires and followed this up with 53 interviews with students. The qualitative interviews were thought not to be representative of the whole sample population.  \nThe students were given a free choice to define their own ethnicity. The result was not as the researchers expected. In the UK the majority of the people are ‘White’ but less than half of the sample defined their ethnicity this way. One interviewee defined himself by his nationality rather than by his ethnicity.  \nAdapted [from Moore et. al.](from Moore et. al. Sociology)[ Sociology](from Moore et. al. Sociology)  \n(a) Using Source A, identify the two research methods used by the researchers. [2]  \n(b) Identify two methods that might be used to research who goes to university, apart from those in Source A. [2]  \n(c) Using Source A, describe two problems with the researchers’ methods. [4]  \n(d) Describe two reasons why research may be conducted covertly. [4]  \n(e) Describe two strengths and two limitations of using self-completion questionnaires in sociological research. [8]  \n(f) Explain why sociologists may use triangulation in their research. [10]  \n(g) To what extent is it possible to generalise from research? [15]  \n© UCLES 2018 0495/12/M/J/18  \n3  \nAnswer either Question 2 or Question 3.  \nSection B: Culture, identity and socialisation  \n2 Adolescents often feel peer pressure to fit in with their friends. This may lead to them changing their norms, values and identity so that they will be accepted by their peer group.  \n(a) What is meant by the term ‘peer group’? [2]  \n(b) Describe two examples of peer pressure. [4]  \n(c) Explain how children learn social conformity. [6]  \n(d) Explain why belonging to a youth sub-culture may have a negative impact on the individual.  \n[8]  \n(e) To what extent is the peer group the most important agency of socialisation? [15]  \nSection C: Social inequality  \n3 Minority ethnic groups are at higher risk of poverty and often have to rely on the welfare state.  \nSome sociologists claim that this is due to unemployment and low pay.  \n(a) What is meant by the term ‘welfare state’? [2]  \n(b) Describe two ways governments can improve the life chances of the poor. [4]  \n(c) Explain how minority ethnic groups face inequality in modern industrial societies. [6]  \n(d) Explain why the welfare state may have failed to reduce poverty in modern industrial societies. [8]  \n(e) To what extent has discrimination been eliminated in modern industrial societies? [15]  \n© UCLES 2018 0495/12/M/J/18  \n4  \nBLANK PAGE  \nPermission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be please","cbCailnJlfA8v8HU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailnJlfA8v8HU","pdf",1041551,"English","# Section A: Theory and methods\n## Question 1\n## Section B: Culture, identity and socialisation\n## Question 2\n## Section C: Social inequality\n## Question 3","[{\"question\":\"What topics are covered in Section C (Question 3)?\",\"answer\":\"Section C addresses minority ethnic groups, higher poverty risk, the role of the welfare state, unemployment and low pay, meanings like the welfare state, ways governments can improve life chances, and whether discrimination has been eliminated.\"}]","SOCIOLOGY - Paper 1 - Modified Language | PDF"]