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Poor socio-economic status, low awareness of health and hygiene, open-field defecation without latrine facilities, free-range feeding, and unhygienic waste disposal are highlighted as key contributing factors. Survey findings indicate substantial contamination risk for soil and water, linking pig husbandry practices to high parasitic infestation prevalence in both pigs and humans.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/socio-demographic-factors-of-pig-farmers-associated-in-transmission-of-taeniosiscysticercosis/139550/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/socio-demographic-factors-of-pig-farmers-associated-in-transmission-of-taeniosiscysticercosis/139550.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Logic","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-18","2026-08-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What socio-demographic and environmental factors increase cysticercosis risk among pig farmers in Nepal?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Very poor socio-economic conditions, lack of knowledge about health and hygiene, absence of latrines with open-field defecation, free-range feeding, and unhygienic disposal of waste increase transmission risk.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the study conducted in Syangja district?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Household keeping pigs farmers were randomly selected from villages across three VDCs and one municipality, covering about 437 households and surveying the pig farming area.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the study conclude about control measures for taeniasis and cysticercosis?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Pig husbandry practices should be improved, and mass awareness education programs should be launched, alongside social upliftment efforts such as adult education, toilet construction, safe drinking water supply, and gender-inclusive poverty elimination initiatives.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},139550,1787555275,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":52},1099513958762,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1784791008015729253","Original Article   \nSocio-demographic factors of pig farmers associated in transmission of taeniosis/cysticercosis  \nM. Sharma  \nProgramme Officer/ Sociologist, National Zoonoses and Food Hygiene Research Centre (NZFHRC), Chagal, Kathmandu, Nepal.  \nCorrespondence to: Ms. Minu Sharma, Program Officer/Sociologist, NZFHRC, Kathmandu, Nepal  \nIntroduction: Pig farmers’ socio-economical and environmental conditions that comprise the risk factors for the contraction of cysticercosis in Nepal are as the socio-economic condition of pig farmers is very poor. They are ignorant about health and hygiene. In Terai districts, 80% farmers keep pigs in the open field. Most of the families of the pig rearing communities do not have latrines. They use open field for defaecating. Free range feeding of pig is quite common all over Nepal traditionally.  \nThe unhygienic disposal of the waste helps the problem to be graver.  \nMethod: This study was carried out in three VDCs i.e. Tindobate VDCs, Thumpokhara VDC, JagatradeviVDC and Walling Municipality in Syangja district. Household keeping pigs farmers were randomly selected from villages in the district. About 437 households and pig farming area were surveyed.  \nResults: This contamination of soil and water contributes greatly for the parasitic infestation of both pig and human. Most of the pigs are kept inside the house at night and are fed on kitchen wastes and excreta. This is the important factor that is co-related with the high prevalence of parasitic infestations like Taeniasis in pigs and humans.  \nConclusion: Pig husbandry system should be improved. Mass awareness education programmes for controlling parasitic diseases in general, and taeniasis and cysticercosis in particular should be launched in all pig pocket production areas of the country. Social upliftment programmes like adult education, toilet construction, safe drinking water supply, gender indiscrimination in the pig husbandry as a source of poverty elimination must be carried out.  \nIntroduction  \nSociological aspect of pig farmers  \nPork meat demand is increasing day by day in urban and same-urban area but pig farming patterned of the farmers condition is very poor, un-hygiene and unsystematic . Present study area Brahmins, Chhetries, Magars, Gurung, Newars and Rai are the major ethnic groups living their. Basically pig farming occupation is followed by these ethnic group like: Magars, Gurungs, Rai, Limbu, Sarkis and Kashai (butchers) . Among them Magar communities are those ethnic groups who principally rare pigs and consume pork as their major meat dishes. Most of small-scale pig farming  \nethnic groups live in the hilly geographical region and then in the terai and few in mountain regions. In village area those who are doing pig farming dose not have a toilet facility. They use open field for defecating. They keep pig or pork for sell and own consumption purpose. But their social environment is poor and unhygienic sanitary condition, all these factors effect their health.  \nObjective  \nTo carryout socio-economic condition of pig farmers. To evaluate pig husbandry practices, pork consumption habits, sanitation, human knowledge about taeniosis/ cysticercosis.  \n[www. healthnet.org.np/journal/jiom/](www. healthnet.org.np/journal/jiom/ Journal)[ Journal](www. healthnet.org.np/journal/jiom/ Journal) of Institute of Medicine 2006; 28:1 57-60  \n58  \nM. Sharma  \nMethodology  \nThis study was carried out in three VDCs and one municipality i.e. Tindobate VDCs, Thumpokhara VDC, Jagatradevi VDC and Walling municipality of Syangja district. Household keeping pigs farmers were randomly selected from villages in the district. These sampled were depending on the accessibility to the household and the willingness of the family to cooperate . About 437 households and pig farming area were surveyed.  \nResults  \nPig farmers social/environmental condition  \nIn Syangja district magar community people lived in upper lake side, the total population o","cbCaiaM06poLn3Oq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaM06poLn3Oq","pdf",35940,"English","# Introduction\n## Sociological aspect of pig farmers\n# Objective\n# Methodology\n# Results\n## Pig farmers social/environmental condition\n## Types of pigs\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What socio-demographic and environmental factors increase cysticercosis risk among pig farmers in Nepal?\",\"answer\":\"Very poor socio-economic conditions, lack of knowledge about health and hygiene, absence of latrines with open-field defecation, free-range feeding, and unhygienic disposal of waste increase transmission risk.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the study conducted in Syangja district?\",\"answer\":\"Household keeping pigs farmers were randomly selected from villages across three VDCs and one municipality, covering about 437 households and surveying the pig farming area.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the study conclude about control measures for taeniasis and cysticercosis?\",\"answer\":\"Pig husbandry practices should be improved, and mass awareness education programs should be launched, alongside social upliftment efforts such as adult education, toilet construction, safe drinking water supply, and gender-inclusive poverty elimination initiatives.\"}]","Socio-demographic factors of pig farmers associated in transmission of taeniosis/cysticercosis | PDF"]