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Using 1,297 participants from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort, social network size was measured with the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index (2005–2009) and grouped into four levels. Linear mixed models estimated annual change while adjusting for age, sex, education, BMI, smoking, physical activity, and depressive symptoms. Higher social network size showed significant associations with steeper declines in memory and executive functioning and greater dementia prevalence and incidence, suggesting reverse causation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/social-networks-in-mid-to-late-life-adults-and-cognitive-decline-the-framingham-heart-study-abstract/427114/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/social-networks-in-mid-to-late-life-adults-and-cognitive-decline-the-framingham-heart-study-abstract/427114.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"dabgoudw","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main objective of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To examine the relationship between social network size in mid-to-late-life adults and cognitive decline in memory, language, and executive functioning.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was social network size measured and categorized?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Social network size was determined using the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index (SNI) measured between 2005–2009, and categorized into four groups.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the study find about social network size and cognitive decline?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Higher SNI was significantly associated with declines in memory and executive functioning, and individuals with higher SNI had higher proportions of prevalent and incident dementia during follow-up.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},427114,1790791722,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":8,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":81},3985747860484,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Innovation in Aging, 2025, Vol. 9, No. S2 1257  \nabout the relationship when including adults earlier in life, such as middle age. We investigated the association between social network size among mid-to-late-life adults and cognitive decline in memory, language, and executive functioning. The study sample included 1,297 participants age 40-90 years from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. Social network size was determined by the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index (SNI), which was measured between 2005-2009, and categorized into four groups (e.g., low, low/medium, medium/high, and high) . Cognitive factor scores for memory, language, and executive functioning were previously derived from neuropsychological tests. Linear mixed models were used to estimate mean annual change in each factor score associated with social network size, with the low SNI group as the reference. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, and depressive symptoms. High SNI was significantly associated with declines in memory (β = -0.011; 95% CI = -0.02,-0.003) and executive functioning (β = -0.011; 95% CI = -0.02,-0.001). Medium/high SNI was also significantly associated with decline in memory (β = -0.013; 95% CI = -0.02, -0.005) . Individuals with higher SNI, as compared to lower SNI, had greater proportions of prevalent dementia and incident dementia during the follow up period. These findings suggest that reverse causation impacts the association between social networks and cognitive decline and that seeking greater social support may bea sign of worsening cognitive function.  \nAbstract citation ID: igaf122.4198  \nSOCIAL NETWORKS IN MID-TO-LATE-LIFE ADULTS  \nAND COGNITIVE DECLINE: THE FRAMINGHAM  \nHEART STUDY  \nPhillip Hwang, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States  \nStudies examining the relationship between social networksand cognitive decline mainly include older adults; less is known","cbCaifwe6INGeuB6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifwe6INGeuB6","pdf",1107019,"English","# Study Overview\n## Participants and Cohort\n## Measures and Model Approach\n## Key Findings and Interpretation","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To examine the relationship between social network size in mid-to-late-life adults and cognitive decline in memory, language, and executive functioning.\"},{\"question\":\"How was social network size measured and categorized?\",\"answer\":\"Social network size was determined using the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index (SNI) measured between 2005–2009, and categorized into four groups.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find about social network size and cognitive decline?\",\"answer\":\"Higher SNI was significantly associated with declines in memory and executive functioning, and individuals with higher SNI had higher proportions of prevalent and incident dementia during follow-up.\"}]","SOCIAL NETWORKS IN MID-TO-LATE-LIFE ADULTS AND COGNITIVE DECLINE: THE FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY - Abstract | PDF",1790642834]