[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-438623-105":59,"doc-detail-438623-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","social-insurance-in-the-ussr-before-the-revolution-and-soviet-labor-insurance","Social Insurance in the U.S.S.R. - Before the Revolution and Soviet Labor Insurance","","Social Insurance in the U.S.S.R. examines how Soviet legislation transformed workers’ insurance compared with pre-revolutionary practice in Russia. The text outlines what existed before the Revolution—mainly sickness insurance (including childbirth) and accident insurance—and emphasizes that disability, old-age, widow and orphan pensions, and unemployment insurance were effectively absent. It further details coverage limits, fund administration, premium sharing, benefit periods and amounts, medical assistance obligations, and the shift from private accident insurance to Soviet arrangements.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/social-insurance-in-the-ussr-before-the-revolution-and-soviet-labor-insurance/438623/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/social-insurance-in-the-ussr-before-the-revolution-and-soviet-labor-insurance/438623.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mafia Boss","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What kinds of workers’ insurance existed in pre-revolutionary Russia?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Before the Revolution, practice centered on sickness insurance (including childbirth) and accident insurance. Coverage did not include broader protections such as total disability pensions, old-age pensions, or unemployment insurance.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did coverage and the Sick Fund work for sickness benefits?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Sickness insurance applied only to certain workers and excluded many small enterprises. The Sick Fund was financed by both employers and workers, administered jointly, and provided benefits with specific time limits and maximum amounts relative to wages.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What changed after the February Revolution regarding insurance policy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The Provisional Government extended insurance to only a few additional groups, while many categories remained excluded. It reduced the workers’ share of premiums compared with Tsarism and adjusted some benefit levels, but did not fully reform the underlying gaps.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},438623,1790984092,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090760730,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","97-84195-7Kats,Abram Markovich  \nSocial insurance in theU.S.S.R.  \nMoscow  \n1927  \nCOLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIESPRESERVATION DIVISION  \n# BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TABGET\n\nORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED-EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD  \nRESTRICTIONS ON USE:  \n Reproductions may not be made without permissionftrom Columbia University Libraries.              \n# TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA\n\nFILM SIZE:      35mmREDUCTION RATIO:            9.1/  \nIMAGE PLACEMENT:IA IIA)  \nDATE FILMED:                  9.22.97 NITIALS:                  B  \nTBAC\u003CING\\#:                                                                                                27906  \nA.KATZ  \n# SOCIAL INSURANCEIN THE U.S.S.R.\n\nPUBLISHED BY THE FOREIGN RELATIONSCOMMITTEE OF THE U.S.S.R.CENTRALCOUNCIL OF TRADE UNIONS.MOSCoW-1927.  \nNO3 。J辽  \nC683  \n438  \n         Tap.4.000.  \n      3u4,297.  \nTa La?A-2331  \nJ  \n6  \n凯ln。4aoM。Y  \nSOCIAL INSURANCE IN THE U.S.S.R.  \nBefore proceeding to describe Social Insurance inthe U.S.S.R.,it would be well to dwell briefly uponpre-revolutionary legislation bearing upon workers'insurance in Russia.In the light of the legislationthat existed only 10 years ago,the sweeping changebrought about by the Soviet laws becomes more ap-parent.If we compare the legislation of these twoperiods,we shall see very clearly how far the U.S.S.R.has advanced in the field of labour insurance.  \nIn suran ce of Workers in pre-R'evolution a ry Rus sia.  \nBefore the Revolution,only sickness.insurance(including childbirth)and accident insurance,wasin practice in Russia.Insurance,against total disabilityresulting from general or occupational diseases orold age,pensions to widows and orphans,and un-employment insurance were absolutely non-existent inRussia.  \nEven sickness insurance did not cover all workersand employees,but only those employed in factories,workshops and mines,in shipping and on tram ways—and even then,all small enterprises(i.e.thoseemploying less than 20 workers but having power-driven machines,and those employing less than30 without power-driven machines)were excludedfrom the operation of the Act.Thus,under the old  \nlaw insurance covered only about 20 per cent.of theworkers and employees.  \nsickness insurance was paid out of a so-calledSicl:Fund,the Board of which consisted of represen-tatives of the workers and employers,the workershaving a bare majority of one.  \n[nsurance premiums were paid both by the employ-ers and the workers and,according to the law,theyhad to amount to not less than 1.75 per cent andnot more than 5 per cent of the pay roli,the workerspaying three-fifths and the employers two-fifths ofthe premiums.  \nThe Sick Fund paid benefits in cases of sickness,in ases of disablity for a period of 13 weeks(afterwh ch period the disabled man received an allowancefron an insurance association),childbirth and funeralallcwances.  \nSick benefit was paid for a period not exceeding26 consecutive weeks and for not more than 30 weeksin the course of one year.The Sick Fund had therigit to withhold payment for the first 3 days ofsicliness.The amount of sick benefit could not exceedtwo-thirds of the wages of married workers,and one-—Falf of the wages of single workers.  \nConfinement benefit was paid to women employedin factories(but not wives of workers)for two weeksbefore and four weeks after childbirth,the amountbeing not less than one-half of the wages and notmore than full wages.  \nFuneral benefit amounted to a sum equal tofrom 20 to 30 days'wages.Besides these obligatorybeefits,the Sick Fund could,at its discretion,paybenefits to members of the families of insured workers.  \nThe employers were obliged to give free medicalassistance only to the extent of providing a dispensaryand first-aid in cases of sudden illness.All other  \nforms of medical aid,including accommodation inhospitals,the workers could obtain only at their ownexpense.  \nInsurance against accidents was carried through in-surance companies,on the Boards of which the workers,of course,","cbCaisng7PTBPJn1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisng7PTBPJn1","pdf",2220720,31,"English","# Before the Revolution: Workers’ Insurance in Russia\n## What existed (sickness and accident insurance)\n## What was absent (disability, pensions, unemployment)\n## Coverage limits and excluded enterprises\n## Sick Fund financing and benefits\n## Medical assistance and accident insurance\n# Provisional Government after 1917\n## Limited expansion and continued premium burdens\n## Benefit adjustments and remaining gaps","[{\"question\":\"What kinds of workers’ insurance existed in pre-revolutionary Russia?\",\"answer\":\"Before the Revolution, practice centered on sickness insurance (including childbirth) and accident insurance. Coverage did not include broader protections such as total disability pensions, old-age pensions, or unemployment insurance.\"},{\"question\":\"How did coverage and the Sick Fund work for sickness benefits?\",\"answer\":\"Sickness insurance applied only to certain workers and excluded many small enterprises. The Sick Fund was financed by both employers and workers, administered jointly, and provided benefits with specific time limits and maximum amounts relative to wages.\"},{\"question\":\"What changed after the February Revolution regarding insurance policy?\",\"answer\":\"The Provisional Government extended insurance to only a few additional groups, while many categories remained excluded. It reduced the workers’ share of premiums compared with Tsarism and adjusted some benefit levels, but did not fully reform the underlying gaps.\"}]","Social Insurance in the U.S.S.R. - Before the Revolution and Soviet Labor Insurance | PDF",1790685908,78]