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A random Texas A&M University system sample completed a web-based survey. High CAM-use rates are reported, with gender, CAM attitudes, outcome expectancies about health care encounters, and CAM social network use predicting CAM use. Findings inform health care and health education to address benefits and risks and guide further psychosocial research.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/social-cognitive-predictors-of-college-student-use-of-complementary-and-alternative-medicine-abstract-translation-to-health-education-practice/592186/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/social-cognitive-predictors-of-college-student-use-of-complementary-and-alternative-medicine-abstract-translation-to-health-education-practice/592186.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Grenda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-16","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the purpose of the study on CAM use among college students?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study aimed to measure the prevalence and types of CAM use among college undergraduates and to test whether selected social-cognitive constructs and demographics predict CAM use.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were participants recruited and how was CAM use assessed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Undergraduate students from the Texas A&M University system were recruited through e-mail to complete a web-based survey.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which factors significantly predicted CAM use according to the results?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Gender, attitudes toward CAM, outcome expectancies regarding the health care encounter, and social network use of CAM were significant predictors.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592186,1792123981,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},7971474921005,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Research Article  \nSocial-Cognitive Predictors of College Student Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine  \nAmyL. Versnik Nowak and Steve M. Dorman  \nABSTRACT  \nBackground: Little research has addressed the prevalence and predictors of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among undergraduate students. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to: (1) measure the prevalence and type of CAM use amonga sample of college undergraduates, and (2) test the significance of select social-cognitive constructs and demographics as predictors of CAM use among a college population. Methods: A random sample of undergraduate students within the Texas A&M University system was solicited via e-mail to complete a web-based survey. Results: Findings show high rates of CAM use. Gender, attitude toward CAM, outcome expectancies regarding the health care encounter, and social network use of CAM were shown to be significant predictors of CAM use. Discussion: CAM use is popular among college students. Results from this study can inform health care and health education professionals interested in improving health care processes and addressing positive and negative issues related to CAM use. Translation to Health Education Practice: Health educators should be prepared to present CAMas health care options and discuss benefits and risks associated with CAM therapies. Researchers should continue to explore the psychosocial determinants of CAM use as a guide for health education and intervention.  \nComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) includes diverse medical systems and practices that are currently categorized into five main domains: (1) alternative healthcare systems,(2) mind-body interventions,(3) biologically based therapies, (4) manipulative and body-based methods, and (5) energy/biofield therapies (Figure 1).1-3 Their link to each other is their inclusion or exclusion from conventional medical practices. In studies conducted within the past decade, approximately 67% of adults were found to have used at least one CAM therapy in their lifetimes, while approximately 40–42% had used CAM within the past year.4,5 Research shows that with each generation, the likelihood and frequency ofCAMuse among U.S. adults continues to grow.6 In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 158 million American adults spent over $17  \nbillion on CAM practices.7 This resurgence ofCAM use and research around the world is attributed to a holistic consumer health movement emphasizing multifaceted treatment of the whole person, disenchantment with conventional medical services, and  \nchanging policies regarding CAM.8-11  \nAs each generation continues to use more CAM practices, improved health education is needed to benefit and protect the American people. Health educators have the opportunity and responsibility to help people make appropriate health care and health promotion choices. Educators must be adequately prepared to present CAM therapies as viable options and to help communities learn skills to determine the risks and truths  \nassociated with different treatments.  \nAs CAM use has increased, so has research regarding it and its users. Studies  \nshow CAM users believe health care should concentrate on the whole person instead of just symptoms, and they perceive CAM therapies as more beneficial.12-16 CAM users, especially younger people, have more positive attitudes toward CAM, which translate into greater enthusiasm and stronger intention to use CAM therapies.17-19 The experience of others seems to increase the likelihood of CAM use, as CAM users have  \nAmy L. Versnik Nowak, PhD, is an assistant professor of health education atthe University of Minnesota Duluth, 110 Sports & Health Center, 1216 Ordean Court, Duluth, MN 55812; E-mail: [aversnik@d.umn.edu. Steve M. Dorman](aversnik@d.umn.edu. Steve M. Dorman), PhD, is professor & Dean at the College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.  \nAmyL. Versnik Now","cbCaiaIyGYkFCKc2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaIyGYkFCKc2","pdf",145095,11,"English","# Abstract\n## Background and Purpose\n## Methods and Results\n## Discussion and Health Education Practice\n# CAM Domains (Figure 1)\n## Alternative Medical Systems\n## Biologically Based Therapies\n## Manipulative and Body-Based Therapies\n## Mind-Body Therapies\n## Energy/Biofield Therapies","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of the study on CAM use among college students?\",\"answer\":\"The study aimed to measure the prevalence and types of CAM use among college undergraduates and to test whether selected social-cognitive constructs and demographics predict CAM use.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants recruited and how was CAM use assessed?\",\"answer\":\"Undergraduate students from the Texas A\\u0026M University system were recruited through e-mail to complete a web-based survey.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors significantly predicted CAM use according to the results?\",\"answer\":\"Gender, attitudes toward CAM, outcome expectancies regarding the health care encounter, and social network use of CAM were significant predictors.\"}]","Social-Cognitive Predictors of College Student Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine - Abstract - Translation to Health Education Practice | PDF",1792074028,28]