[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-83530-en":3,"doc-seo-83530-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":95},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},83530,962075006959,"Anda","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e0002397efbe92a78e?_k=1776741047341049297",8,"Research & Report","SNR-Adaptive Optimal Threshold Design for Energy Detection in Dynamic Spectrum Access","提出一种面向动态频谱接入（DSA）的SNR自适应能量检测最优阈值设计框架。不同于只依据预设虚警约束确定阈值的常虚警率（CFAR）方法，所提方案通过闭式解析形式直接最小化总错误概率。阈值优化被建模为二次表达式，其系数可显式刻画信噪比（SNR）与采样点数的影响，从而在异构SNR条件下无需穷举搜索即可自适应选择阈值。仿真结果表明，在低SNR场景下相较固定阈值与检测约束方案显著降低误差概率，并系统分析虚警与漏检的权衡，提升DSA的感知可靠性，也为安全协作频谱感知（含区块链聚合机制）奠定基础。","SNR-Adaptive Optimal Threshold Design for Energy Detection in Dynamic Spectrum Access  \nSushila Dhaka∗ , Jane-Hwa Huang†, Chih-Min Yu‡, Li-Chun Wang∗§  \n∗ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan † Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou County, Taiwan ‡ Department of Information and Computer Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan  \nEmails: [sushila.eed08g.ee08@nycu.edu.tw](sushila.eed08g.ee08@nycu.edu.tw), [jhhuang@ncnu.edu.tw](jhhuang@ncnu.edu.tw), [hankycm7@gmail.com](hankycm7@gmail.com)  \n§ Corresponding [author: wang@nycu.edu.tw](author: wang@nycu.edu.tw)  \narXiv :2607 .00754v 1 [ cs .NI] 1 Jul 2026  \nAbstract—This paper proposes an SNR-adaptive optimal threshold design framework for energy detection in Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA). Unlike conventional constant falsealarm rate (CFAR)-based schemes that determine the sensing threshold solely from a predefined false-alarm constraint, the proposed method directly minimizes the total probability of error by deriving a closed-form analytical solution. The threshold optimization problem is formulated as a quadratic expression whose coefficients explicitly characterize the effects of signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) and number of samples. This analytical structure enables adaptive threshold selection under heterogeneous SNR conditions without exhaustive numerical search. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach reduces the error probability compared with fixed-threshold and detectionconstrained schemes, particularly in low-SNR regimes. Furthermore, the impact of SNR and number of samples on detection performance is systematically analyzed, providing deeper insight into the trade-off between false alarm and missed detection. The proposed framework improves sensing reliability and practical adaptability in dynamic spectrum access systems. It also establishes a foundation for secure cooperative spectrum sensing, including blockchain-assisted aggregation mechanisms.  \nIndex Terms—Energy Detection, Dynamic Spectrum Access, SNR-Adaptive Threshold, Bayesian Error Minimization  \nI. INTRODUCTION  \nThe rapid proliferation of wireless devices and bandwidthintensive applications has led to a substantial increase in spectrum demand, even though many licensed frequency bands remain underutilized [1] . Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) has therefore gained considerable attention as a means to improve spectrum efficiency by allowing secondary users (SUs) to opportunistically access licensed bands while ensuring adequate protection for primary users (PUs) [2] . Atthe core of DSA lies reliable spectrum sensing. Sensing inaccuracies may either cause harmful interference to PUs or unnecessarily restrict spectrum access for SUs [3] . Among various sensing techniques, energy detection (ED) is widely adopted due to its low implementation complexity and its independence from prior knowledge of the PU signal structure [4] . Despite these advantages, the performance of ED is highly sensitive to the selection of the local decision threshold, which directly controls the trade-off between false alarms and missed detections [5] .  \nIn conventional ED-based spectrum sensing [6], the decision threshold is typically determined using the constant false  \nalarm rate (CFAR) criterion [7], where a predefined false alarm probability is maintained under the null hypothesis H0. Although CFAR-based approaches are simple and analytically convenient [8], they implicitly emphasize false alarm control rather than overall sensing reliability. In practical DSA environments, PU activity is often asymmetric and time-varying, resulting in unequal prior probabilities of H0 and H1. In addition, cooperative spectrum sensing involves spatially distributed SUs that experience heterogeneous SNR conditions. Under such scenarios, a fixed threshold designed solely to satisfy a false alarm constraint may no","cbCairU9tRK0pa9N","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairU9tRK0pa9N","pdf",497782,2,1,6,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Background of Dynamic Spectrum Access\n## Energy Detection and Threshold Trade-offs\n## Limits of CFAR-Based Fixed Thresholds\n## Need for Secure Cooperative Spectrum Sensing\n## Prior Work and Motivation","[{\"question\":\"该论文的核心贡献是什么？\",\"answer\":\"提出SNR自适应的能量检测阈值设计框架，通过闭式解析推导直接最小化总错误概率，而非仅满足虚警约束。\"},{\"question\":\"为什么固定阈值在实际DSA中可能不够理想？\",\"answer\":\"在PU活动非对称且时变、以及协作感知下各SU面临异构SNR的情况下，仅为满足虚警约束而设计的固定阈值难以在低SNR时取得最优表现，漏检更为关键。\"},{\"question\":\"所提出方法如何改进检测性能并分析权衡？\",\"answer\":\"将阈值优化构造成二次表达式，其系数明确反映SNR与样本数对性能的影响，使阈值可在异构SNR下自适应选择；并对虚警与漏检之间的权衡进行系统分析。\"},{\"question\":\"论文如何将安全协作频谱感知纳入框架考虑？\",\"answer\":\"指出恶意或不可靠SU可能篡改本地决策并损害全局结果，因而提出利用区块链提供分布式、不可篡改的记录与问责机制，并结合声誉感知聚合来增强可信聚合。\"}]",1784188647,15,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":90,"head_meta":92,"extra_data":94,"updated_unix":28},"snr-adaptive-optimal-threshold-design-for-energy-detection-in-dynamic-spectrum-access","",{"@graph":36,"@context":89},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/snr-adaptive-optimal-threshold-design-for-energy-detection-in-dynamic-spectrum-access/83530/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-26","2026-07-16",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81,85],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"该论文的核心贡献是什么？","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"提出SNR自适应的能量检测阈值设计框架，通过闭式解析推导直接最小化总错误概率，而非仅满足虚警约束。","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"为什么固定阈值在实际DSA中可能不够理想？",{"text":80,"@type":76},"在PU活动非对称且时变、以及协作感知下各SU面临异构SNR的情况下，仅为满足虚警约束而设计的固定阈值难以在低SNR时取得最优表现，漏检更为关键。",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"所提出方法如何改进检测性能并分析权衡？",{"text":84,"@type":76},"将阈值优化构造成二次表达式，其系数明确反映SNR与样本数对性能的影响，使阈值可在异构SNR下自适应选择；并对虚警与漏检之间的权衡进行系统分析。",{"name":86,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":87},"论文如何将安全协作频谱感知纳入框架考虑？",{"text":88,"@type":76},"指出恶意或不可靠SU可能篡改本地决策并损害全局结果，因而提出利用区块链提供分布式、不可篡改的记录与问责机制，并结合声誉感知聚合来增强可信聚合。","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":91,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":93,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":96},[97,101,105,109,114,118,123,126,131,134,138],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":125},30,"research-report",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":129,"slug":130},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":129,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":129,"slug":133},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":135,"slug":137},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":139,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":140,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":141},19,"General","general"]