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Establishes that a sniper combines specialized abilities, training, and equipment to deliver discriminatory, highly accurate long-range fire against targets that cannot be engaged successfully by ordinary riflemen. Emphasizes that sniping demands mastery of basic infantry skills, precision marksmanship, and fieldcraft, supported by disciplined practice.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/sniper-training-and-employment-chapter-1-introduction-1-1-historical-background/664307/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/sniper-training-and-employment-chapter-1-introduction-1-1-historical-background/664307.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"jay","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of this circular on sniper training and employment?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It provides doctrine for tactical employment of the infantry sniper, and the information needed to train and equip snipers and to plan their missions and operations.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What capabilities must a sniper develop to be effective?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A sniper must be highly trained in long-range rifle marksmanship and fieldcraft skills, and must also master basic infantry skills through extensive practice.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How did the term \"sniper\" originate historically?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The term \"sniper\" originated in the 19th century with the British army in India, where the snipe was a favorite and extremely difficult game target, later evolving through military sharpshooting developments.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},664307,1793250959,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},3985747858866,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","$  \nTRAINING ANDEMPLOYMENT  \nHEADQUARTERS,DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY  \nHEADQARTERS  \nDEPARLMENT CF THE ARMY  \nWashington, DC,14 June 1989  \nSNIPER TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT  \nCONTENTS  \nPage  \nPREFACE …………………………………………………………………………………………………iv  \nCHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION  \n1-1.  \nHistorical Background ……………………………………1-1  \nMission ……………………………………………………………………………1-3  \n1-2.  \n1-3.  \nOrganization……………………………1-4Personnel Selection …………………………………………1-5  \n1-4,  \nCHAPTER 2.  \nEQUIPMENT  \nSection I.  \nSniper Rifles ……………………………………………………………2-1  \n2-1.  \nM21 Sniper Weapon System……………………………………2-1  \n2-2.  \nM24 Sniper Weapon System…………………………2-5  \nSection II.  \nSniperscopes …………………………………………………………2-15  \n2-3.  \nAuto-Ranging_Telescope ……………………………………2-15Leupold M3A Telescope…………………………………………2-24  \n2-4.  \nAmmunition ………………………………………………………………………2-26  \nSection III.  \n2-5.  \nspecial Ball……………………………………………………2-26  \n2-6.  \nBianks ……………………………………………………………………………………2-27  \nsection IV.  \nOptical observation Bquipment ………………2-27  \n2-7.  \nObservation Telescope ………………………………………2-27  \n2-8.  \nBinoculars…………………………………………………………………2-28  \nNigbt Vision sight………………………………………………2-38  \n2-9.  \n2-18.  \nNight Vision Goggles(AN/PVS-5)…………………2-31  \nDISTRIBUTION  \nRESTRICTION:  \nApproved for public release;  \ndistribution is unlimited.  \n*This publication supersedes TC 23-14,27 October 1969.  \nSection V.  \n2-11.  \n2-12.  \n# CHAPTER 3.\n\n3-1.  \n# 3-2.\n\n3-3.  \n3-4.  \n3-5,  \n3-6.  \n3-7.  \n3-8.  \nCHAPTER 4.  \n4-1.  \n# 4-2.\n\n4-3.  \n4-4,  \n4-5.  \n4-6.  \n4-7.  \n4-8.  \nCHAPTER 5.  \n5-1.  \n# 5-2,\n\n5-3.  \n5-4.  \n5-5.  \n5-6.  \nAPPENDIX A.  \nAPPENDIX B.  \nAPPENDIX c.  \nAPPENDIX D.  \nAPPENDIX E.  \nAPPENDIX F  \nPage  \nclothing and Additional Equi pment ……………2-32  \nCanouflage ………………………………………………………………………2-32  \nAdditional Equipment…………………………………………2-33  \nSNIPER MARKSMANSHIP  \n0sing the Fundamentals of Marksmanship.. 3-1  \nFollowing Througb ………………………………………………………………3-9  \nCalling the Shot……3-10  \nZeroing the Rifle…………………………………………………3-11  \nConsidering Weather Etfects…3-12  \nFiring One Round …………3-17  \nHolding off for Elevation or Wind ……3-18  \nEngaging Moving Targets…………………………………3-19  \nFIBLO TECHNIOUES  \nCanouflage………………………………………………………………4-1  \nCover and Concealment………………………………  \n4-6  \nMovenent and Land Navigation…………………………4-B  \nSelection and Occupation of  \nSniper Positions …………………………………………………4-17  \nConstruction of Sniper Positions……4-20  \n0bservation and Target Selection………………4-28  \nInformation Records……………………………………………4-32  \nRange Estimation……………………………………………………4-48  \nEMPLOYMENT  \nSniper Teans…………………………………………5-1Offensive Empioynent………………………………5-2Defensive Employnent ……………………………………………………5-3  \nRetxograde Employment…………………………………………3  \n5-4  \nMOUT Employment ……………………………………………………………  \nCountersniper operations ……………………………………5-4  \nFIELD TRAINING EXERCISES ……………………A-1  \nSNIPER SUSTAINMENT PROGRAM………………………B-1  \nSNIPER's DATA CARD……………………………………………C-1  \nMEASUREMENT5……………………………………………………D-1  \nREFERENCE TABLES ……………………………………………………………E-1  \nSNIPER PATROL ORDERS ……………………………………………………F-1  \nAPENDIX G. REPRODDCIBLE FORHS…………………………G-1  \nGLOSSARY……………………………………………………………………………Glossary-1  \nREFERENCES………………………………………………………………References-1  \nINDEX …………………………………………………………………………………………Index-1  \nPREPACE  \nThis circular provides doctrine for the tactical employmentof the infantry sniper.It also provides the informationneeded to train and equip snipers and to pian their missionsand operations.  It is intended for use by commanders,staffs,instructors,and soldiers at training posts,Armyschools,and units.  \nThe proponent of this publication is BQ,TRADOC.  Subnitchanges for inproving this publication on·DA Form 2828(Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms)  andforward to the Commandant,DS Army Infantry School,ATTN;ATSH-IN-2B,Fort Benning,GA 31985-5595.  \nUnless otherwise stated,whenever the masculine gender isused,both men and women are included.  \nCHAPTER 1  \nINTRODUCTION  \nA sniper bas special abilities,training,and equipment.His job is to deliver d","cbCaihKOev6tmcrD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihKOev6tmcrD","pdf",3090221,97,"English","# Preface\n# Chapter 1. Introduction\n## Historical Background\n## Mission\n## Organization\n## Personnel Selection\n# Chapter 2. Equipment\n## Sniper Rifles\n## Sniperscopes\n## Ammunition\n## Optical observation equipment\n# Chapter 3. Sniper Marksmanship\n# Chapter 4. Field Training and Exercises\n# Chapter 5. Employment\n# Appendix","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of this circular on sniper training and employment?\",\"answer\":\"It provides doctrine for tactical employment of the infantry sniper, and the information needed to train and equip snipers and to plan their missions and operations.\"},{\"question\":\"What capabilities must a sniper develop to be effective?\",\"answer\":\"A sniper must be highly trained in long-range rifle marksmanship and fieldcraft skills, and must also master basic infantry skills through extensive practice.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the term \\\"sniper\\\" originate historically?\",\"answer\":\"The term \\\"sniper\\\" originated in the 19th century with the British army in India, where the snipe was a favorite and extremely difficult game target, later evolving through military sharpshooting developments.\"}]","SNIPER TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT - Chapter 1 Introduction - 1-1 Historical Background | PDF",244]