[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-435702-105":59,"doc-detail-435702-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","smart-bio-implants-for-seizure-prediction-in-tuberous-sclerosis-complex-letter-to-the-editor","Smart bio-implants for seizure prediction in tuberous sclerosis complex - Letter to the Editor","","Letter to the Editor discussing smart bio-implants for seizure prediction in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), a genetic condition driven by TSC1 or TSC2 mutations and associated with frequent, often refractory childhood seizures. It argues that early detection and continuous monitoring can reduce morbidity, leveraging precise biosensors and real-time EEG-based closed-loop neurostimulation to recognize pre-ictal patterns and deliver targeted stimulation. Reported evidence includes seizure reduction rates, seizure-free cases, and device safety considerations alongside privacy, autonomy, and data ownership ethics.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/smart-bio-implants-for-seizure-prediction-in-tuberous-sclerosis-complex-letter-to-the-editor/435702/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/smart-bio-implants-for-seizure-prediction-in-tuberous-sclerosis-complex-letter-to-the-editor/435702.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"acoobca","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the central purpose of using smart bio-implants in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To predict seizure onset and enable timely, targeted intervention by detecting abnormal EEG patterns that precede seizures, thereby reducing morbidity and suffering.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the closed-loop neurostimulation system prevent seizures?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It continuously records EEG activity, identifies abnormal patterns with embedded algorithms, and automatically delivers electrical stimulation to interrupt abnormal neuronal firing before seizures begin.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What key challenges and ethical issues are highlighted for implantable bio-devices?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The text notes low but real side effects, high manufacturing and maintenance costs limiting access, and ethical concerns about privacy, autonomy, and data ownership for sensitive neural data.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},435702,1790739825,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":24,"preview_page_count":4},3985747870733,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Letter to the Editor  \nSmart bio-implants for seizure prediction intuberous sclerosis complex  \nDost Muhammad Panhwar, MBBSa , Arqum Rasheed Siddiqui, MBBSa, Muhammad Mudasir Atif, MBBSa,Mohammed Hammad Jaber Amin, MBBSb,*  \nDear Editor,  \nOne of the most prevalent genetic causes of seizures isTuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) . This autosomal dominantillness affects approximately 1 in 6000 persons and is caused bya mutation in either TSC1 or TSC2 . The most incapacitatingissues of TSC in children are its neurological manifestations,which include autism, intellectual difficulties, mental issues, andseizures. An estimated 80% of people with TSChave seizures, andmore than 60% of them experience severe, refractory seizures.Epileptic spasms, which are linked to a poor neurological prog -nosis, occur in over half of TSC infants[1] . Unfortunately, a fullcure forthe disease has not yet been discovered, and there are nowjust a few suppressive medications available. Apart from theefficacy of current treatments, early intervention and preventionof seizures depend heavily on prompt detection and monitoring.The curability of epilepsy depends on its severity, clinical exper -tise, and timely diagnosis. Seizures are predictable, and appropri -ate monitoring can reduce morbidity and minimize suffering andfatalities. Advances in sensing technology enable prompt identifi -cation of seizure foci, addressing these challenges. The mostimportant tools for proper illness sensing, detection, and diagno -sis are extremely precise and selective biosensors[2] .  \nReal-time EEG monitoring integrated with closed-loop neuro -stimulation represents a modern approach for managing refractoryepilepsy. The implanted device continuously records brain electricalactivity and uses embedded algorithms to identify abnormal EEGpatterns that precede seizures. When such patterns are detected, thesystem automatically delivers targeted electrical stimulation tointerrupt the abnormal neuronal firing, thereby preventing seizureonset. This closed-loop mechanism enables precise, on-demand  \naDepartment of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan andbDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, AlzaiemAlazhari University,Khartoum, Sudan  \nSponsorships or competing interests that maybe relevant to content are disclosedatthe end of this article.  \n*Corresponding author. Address: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,AlzaiemAlazhari University, 123 Alkalakla, Khartoum 11111, Sudan.  \nTel.: +249119303629. E-mail: mohammesjaber123@gmail.com(M.H. Jaber Amin).  \nCopyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is anopen access article distributed under the terms of the Creative CommonsAttribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where itispermissible to download and share the work provided itis properly cited. The workcannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from thejournal.  \nAnnals of Medicine & Surgery (2026) 88:1021–1022Received 5 November 2025; Accepted 6 November 2025Published online 24 November 2025http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000004365  \ntherapy while reducing unnecessary stimulation and adverseeffects, enhancing both safety and efficacy in long-term epilepsycontrol[3] . A mouse epilepsy model demonstrated that closed-loopneurostimulation of medial septal neurons effectively terminatesseizures and prevents them from spreading. The stimulation’seffi -cacy depends on the frequency, with 8–12 Hz producing maximalseizure suppression[4] . Additionally, according to the clinicalsurvey, responsive neurostimulation showed marked seizure reduc -tion – 67% median decrease at first year’s follows up, 75% atthe second year’s follow-up, and 82% after 3 years, with responderrates of 66, 77, and 84%, respectively. Notably, 18% of patientsbecome clinically seizure-free, reflecting sustained efficacy of theresponse neurostimulation system[5] . Implantable bio-devices facea host o","cbCaiprn7VpjovFT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiprn7VpjovFT","pdf",169521,"English","# Introduction\n## Epidemiology and clinical burden in TSC\n# Rationale for monitoring and sensing\n## Biosensors and predictive monitoring\n# Closed-loop neurostimulation approach\n## Real-time EEG and targeted interruption\n## Evidence from experimental and clinical findings\n# Challenges and ethics\n## Adverse events, follow-up, and access\n## Privacy and data ownership concerns\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What is the central purpose of using smart bio-implants in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex?\",\"answer\":\"To predict seizure onset and enable timely, targeted intervention by detecting abnormal EEG patterns that precede seizures, thereby reducing morbidity and suffering.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the closed-loop neurostimulation system prevent seizures?\",\"answer\":\"It continuously records EEG activity, identifies abnormal patterns with embedded algorithms, and automatically delivers electrical stimulation to interrupt abnormal neuronal firing before seizures begin.\"},{\"question\":\"What key challenges and ethical issues are highlighted for implantable bio-devices?\",\"answer\":\"The text notes low but real side effects, high manufacturing and maintenance costs limiting access, and ethical concerns about privacy, autonomy, and data ownership for sensitive neural data.\"}]","Smart bio-implants for seizure prediction in tuberous sclerosis complex - Letter to the Editor | PDF",1790674846]