[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-43193-en":3,"doc-seo-43193-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},43193,687197207639,"Asher","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study","A Comparative Study of slavery challenges the claim that slavery is a rare or exceptional institution. Orlando Patterson argues that slavery was widespread across societies and periods, including ancient and medieval Europe, the rise of Islam, and multiple African political and cultural developments. The study examines how “genuine” slave societies underpinned socioeconomic structures and how slavery interacted with the Western emergence of freedom and property, reframing slavery as a persistent sociohistorical necessity.","# SLAVERYANDSOCIALDEATH\n\nA Comparative Study  \nOrlando Patterson  \nHarvard University Press  \nCambridge,Massachusetts,andLondon,England  \nCopyright o1982 by the President and Fellows of Harvard CollegeAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of America  \n# Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data\n\nPatterson,Orlando,1940-Slavery and social death.  \nIncludes bibliographical references and index.  \n1.Slavery.2.Slaves—Psychology.3.Slaveholders-Psychology.I.Title.  \nHT871.P37306'.36282-1072ISBN 0-674-81082-1 (cloth)AACR2ISBN 0-674-81083-X(paper)  \nFor Nerys  \n.dissymlaf gwreic a bonedigeidaf i hannwyt a'y hymdidan oed.The Mabinogi  \n# Preface\n\nTHERE IS NOTHING notably peculiar about the institution of slavery.It hasexisted from before the dawn of human history right down to the twentiethcentury,in the most primitive of human societies and in the most civilized.There is no region on earth that has not at some time harbored the institu-tion.Probably there is no group of people whose ancestors were not at onetime slaves or slaveholders.  \nWhy then the commonplace that slavery is “the peculiar institution”?Itis hard to say,but perhaps the reason lies in the tendency to eschew whatseems too paradoxical.Slavery was not only ubiquitous but turns out tohave thrived most in precisely those areas and periods of the world whereour conventional wisdom would lead us to expect it least.It was firmly es-tablished in all the great early centers of human civilization and,far fromdeclining,actually increased in significance with the growth of all the epochsand cultures that modern Western peoples consider watersheds in their his-torical development.Ancient Greece and Rome were not simply slavehold-ing societies;they were what Sir Moses Finley calls “genuine”slave socie-ties,in that slavery was very solidly the base of their socioeconomicstructures.Many European societies too were genuine slave societies duringtheir critical periods.In Visigothic Spain,late Old English society,Mero-vingian France,and Viking Europe,slavery—if not always dominant—wasnever less than critical.The institution rose again to major significance inlate medieval Spain,and in Russia from the sixteenth century to the end ofthe eighteenth.Slaves constituted such a large proportion of the Florentinepopulation during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries that they signifi-cantly transformed the appearance of the indigenous Tuscan population.Late medieval and early Renaissance Venice and Genoa were extremelydependent on slave labor,and the Italian colonies of the Mediterraneanduring the late Middle Ages not only were large-scale plantation slave sys-tems but,as Charles Verlinden has shown,were the models upon which the  \nadvanced plantation systems of the Iberian Atlantic colonies were based.These,in turn,were the testing grounds for the capitalistic slave systems ofthe modern Americas.  \nThe late Eric Williams may have gone too far in his celebrated argumentthat the rise of capitalism itself could be largely accounted for by the enor-mous profts generated by the slave systems of the Americas.But no onenow doubts that New World slavery was a key factor in the rise of the WestEuropean economies.  \nEurope,however,was hardly unique in this association of civilizationand slavery.The rise of Islam was made possible by slavery,for without itthe early Arab elites simply would not have been able to exploit the skilledand unskilled manpower that was essential for their survival and expan-sion.Even more than the Western states,the Islamic world depended onslaves for the performance of critical administrative,military,and culturalroles.  \nThe same holds true for Africa and certain areas of the Orient.In boththe pagan and Islamic regions of precolonial Africa advanced political andcultural developments were usually,though not always,associated with highlevels of dependence on slavery.Medieval Ghana,Songhay,and Mali allrelied heavily on slave labor.So did the city-states of the","cbCaikJSIaeQPHl3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikJSIaeQPHl3","pdf",10274069,5,1,542,"English","en",105,"# Preface\n## Ubiquity and paradox of slavery\n## Slavery as a sociohistorical necessity\n## Regional comparisons: Europe, Islam, Africa, Asia","[{\"question\":\"Why does the study challenge the idea that slavery is a “peculiar institution”?\",\"answer\":\"The preface argues slavery existed from early human history through the twentieth century and appeared across many regions and societies, making it far from exceptional.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the author explain slavery’s relationship to major Western ideals like freedom and property?\",\"answer\":\"The text states that concepts of freedom and property were closely bound to the rise of slavery, with thinkers treating slavery as necessary and recognizing a correlation between freedom for some and denial to others.\"},{\"question\":\"Which regions are used as comparisons to show slavery’s historical significance?\",\"answer\":\"The preface compares ancient Greece and Rome, various European states, the rise of Islam, multiple precolonial African societies, and long-standing large-scale slavery in 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