[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-113191-en":3,"doc-seo-113191-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},113191,4398048949847,"Eliana","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002536579ef2da7f?_k=1778318612642679267",8,"Research & Report","Skilled Migration - A Sign of Europe’s Divide or Integration?","Skilled Migration examines how skilled workers move across Europe and what these patterns reveal about economic divides and integration. It analyzes the scale and characteristics of skilled migration in the European Union, identifies key drivers such as wage and employment gaps, technological change, demographics, networks, public services, and governance, and evaluates impacts on both receiving and sending countries. The study links migration outcomes to growth, human capital, labor markets, and public finances.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nSkilled Migration  \nA Sign of Europe’s Divide or Integration?  \nLaurent Bossavie, Daniel Garrote-Sánchez, Mattia Makovec, and Çağlar Özden  \nINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS  \nSkilled Migration  \nA Sign of Europe’s Divide or Integration?  \nLAURENT BOSSAVIE, DANIEL GARROTE-SÁNCHEZ,  \nMATTIA MAKOVEC, AND ÇAĞLAR ÖZDEN  \n© 2022 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433  \nTelephone: 202-473-1000; [Internet: www.worldbank.org](Internet: www.worldbank.org)[ ](Internet: www.worldbank.org)Some rights reserved  \n1 2 3 4 25 24 23 22  \nBooks in this series are published to communicate the results of World Bank research, analysis, and operational experience with the least possible delay. 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The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nNothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.  \nRights and Permissions  \nThis work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) [http://](http://)[ ](http://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license), you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions:  \nAttribution—Please cite the work as follows: Bossavie, Laurent, Daniel Garrote-Sánchez, MattiaMakovec, and Çağlar Özden. 2022. Skilled Migration: A Sign of Europe’s Divide or Integration? International Development in Focus. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1732-8. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO  \nTranslations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.  \nAdaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank.  \nThird-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any thirdparty-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examp","cbCaivoS3l2hV6OV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivoS3l2hV6OV","pdf",7318432,1,111,"English","en",105,"# Preface\n# Acknowledgments\n# About the Authors\n# Executive Summary\n# Abbreviations\n# Introduction\n# Notes\n# CHAPTER 1 Migration as a Symptom of Europe’s Economic Disparities\n## Notes\n## References\n# CHAPTER 2 The Extent of Economic Migration in the European Union\n## Increased migration in the EU since 1990\n## Rapid rise in emigration from Eastern Europe after the EU expansion\n## The (even faster) increase in skilled migration in the EU in the past 15 years\n## Characteristics of high-skilled migrants in the EU\n## Notes\n## References\n# CHAPTER 3 Drivers of Migration within the European Union\n## Wage and employment gaps\n## Technological change, automation, and “good jobs”\n## Demographic patterns, networks, quality of public services, and governance\n## Notes\n## References\n# CHAPTER 4 The Impact of Migration on Receiving Countries and Regions\n## Immigration’s positive impact on growth\n## Implications for population growth, demographic composition, and aging\n## Immigration’s effect on the stock, variety, and quality of human capital\n## Impacts on labor markets and public finances\n## Notes\n## References\n# CHAPTER 5 The Impact of Migration on Sending Countries and Regions","[{\"question\":\"What does the report investigate about skilled migration in Europe?\",\"answer\":\"It studies the extent and characteristics of skilled migration in the European Union and assesses what these patterns indicate about Europe’s economic divides versus integration.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors drive migration within the European Union according to the report?\",\"answer\":\"The report highlights wage and employment gaps, technological change and automation, “good jobs,” and also demographic patterns, networks, quality of public services, and governance.\"},{\"question\":\"How does skilled migration affect receiving countries and regions?\",\"answer\":\"The report discusses positive effects on growth, implications for demographics and aging, changes in human capital, and impacts on labor markets and public 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