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The cohort comprised 84 cases managed through endoscopic and craniofacial approaches, with reported five-year overall, disease-specific, disease-free, and recurrence-free survivals of 54.6%, 62.6%, 33.1%, and 59.1%. Age, dural involvement, surgical resection type, and margin status were linked to survival. Multidisciplinary, histology-driven treatment aims to improve outcomes and reduce morbidity.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/sinonasal-malignancies-involving-the-frontal-sinus-a-mono-institutional-experience-of-84-cases-and-systematic-literature-review/385839/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/sinonasal-malignancies-involving-the-frontal-sinus-a-mono-institutional-experience-of-84-cases-and-systematic-literature-review/385839.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Rowan","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why are frontal sinus malignancies considered uncommon and clinically challenging?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"They are rare, and frontal sinus involvement often results from extension from adjacent nasal or ethmoid regions, while tumors arising directly from the sinus are extremely uncommon. Outcomes are generally poor partly due to nonspecific symptoms leading to late diagnosis and early invasion toward the orbit and anterior cranial fossa.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How was the evidence synthesized in the study?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"A PRISMA 2020-guided systematic literature review was conducted, searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for relevant studies from January 2000 to January 2023. This review was combined with a retrospective analysis of surgically treated patients in a tertiary referral center over 20 years.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which factors were associated with survival endpoints?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Age, dural involvement, type of surgical resection, and surgical margin status were significantly associated with the survival endpoints reported in the cohort.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},385839,1791093871,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":125},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099514067415,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539d78ffe74a7?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779092875211072502","Review  \nSinonasal Malignancies Involving the Frontal Sinus: AMono-Institutional Experience of 84 Cases and Systematic Literature Review  \nGiorgio Sileo 1, *, Marco Valentini 1, Giacomo Gravante 1, Giulia Monti 1, Alberto D. Arosio 1, Maurizio Bignami 2,3, Paolo Battaglia 1,3, Paolo Castelnuovo 1,3 and Mario Turri-Zanoni 1,3  \nCitation: Sileo, G.; Valentini, M.; Gravante, G.; Monti, G.; Arosio, A.D.; Bignami, M.; Battaglia, P.;  \nCastelnuovo, P.; Turri-Zanoni, M. Sinonasal Malignancies Involving the Frontal Sinus: A Mono-Institutional Experience of 84 Cases and Systematic Literature Review. J. Clin.  \nMed. 2023, 12, 3186. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/jcm12093186](10.3390/jcm12093186)  \nAcademic Editor: Matteo Fermi  \nReceived: 23 February 2023  \nRevised: 22 April 2023  \nAccepted: 26 April 2023  \nPublished: 28 April 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy  \n2 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Lariana, Ospedale Sant'Anna, University of Insubria, 22042 Como, Italy  \n3 Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS&FDRc), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy  \n* Correspondence: [sileo.giorgio@gmail.com](sileo.giorgio@gmail.com); Tel.: +39-0332-393278; Fax: +39-0332-393279  \nAbstract: Frontal sinus involvement by malignant tumors is a rare finding. Therefore, a systematic literature review along with a personal case series may contribute to defining more accurately the epidemiology, treatment options, and outcomes of these neoplasms. This is a retrospective review of patients affected by frontal sinus malignancies surgically treated in a tertiary-care referral center over a period of 20 years. Moreover, a systematic literature review of studies describing frontal sinus cancers from 2000 to date was performed according to PRISMA guidelines in order to analyze current evidence about the treatment and outcomes of such a rare disease. Our retrospective review was basedon 84 cases, treated with an exclusive endoscopic approach in 43 cases (51.2%), endoscopic approach with frontal osteoplastic flap in 6 cases (7.1%), and transfacial or transcranial approaches in 35 cases (41.7%) . The five-year overall, disease-specific, disease-free, and recurrencefree survivals were 54.6%, 62.6%, 33.1%, and 59.1%, respectively. Age, dural involvement, typeof surgical resection, and surgical margin status were significantly associated with the survival endpoints. In conclusion, the involvement of the frontal sinus is associated with a poor prognosis. Multidisciplinary management, including specific histology-driven treatments, represents the gold standard for improving outcomes and minimizing morbidity.  \nKeywords: endoscopy surgery; skull base; frontal sinus; sinonasal cancer; craniofacial resection; osteoplastic flap; draf procedure; multidisciplinary cancer treatment  \n1. Introduction  \nFrontal sinus malignancies are uncommon, and they are usually the result of a direct extension of the tumor from the nasal cavity or anterior ethmoid sinuses into the frontal sinus [1]; conversely, malignancies directly arising from the sinus itself constitute an extremely rare finding [2] .  \nThe most frequent histologic types are represented by squamous cell carcinomas (SCC, 39.8%), mature B-cell lymphomas (17.5%), epithelial neoplasms not otherwise specified (10.5%), and adenocarcinomas (ADC, 9.9%) [3] . Finally, metastatic disease to the frontal sinus has been re","cbCaicJZdRizs5Rk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicJZdRizs5Rk","pdf",2229044,18,"English","# Introduction\n## Histologic types and metastatic patterns\n## Prognosis and rationale for updated management\n# Materials and Methods\n## Systematic literature review\n## Case series and treatment approaches","[{\"question\":\"Why are frontal sinus malignancies considered uncommon and clinically challenging?\",\"answer\":\"They are rare, and frontal sinus involvement often results from extension from adjacent nasal or ethmoid regions, while tumors arising directly from the sinus are extremely uncommon. Outcomes are generally poor partly due to nonspecific symptoms leading to late diagnosis and early invasion toward the orbit and anterior cranial fossa.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the evidence synthesized in the study?\",\"answer\":\"A PRISMA 2020-guided systematic literature review was conducted, searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for relevant studies from January 2000 to January 2023. This review was combined with a retrospective analysis of surgically treated patients in a tertiary referral center over 20 years.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors were associated with survival endpoints?\",\"answer\":\"Age, dural involvement, type of surgical resection, and surgical margin status were significantly associated with the survival endpoints reported in the cohort.\"}]","Sinonasal Malignancies Involving the Frontal Sinus - A Mono-Institutional Experience of 84 Cases and Systematic Literature Review | PDF",1790271188,45]