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Evidence indicates IFNs can play dual roles in cancers: mediating anti-tumor activity while also promoting progression depending on TME context. The review explains how tumor-induced abnormal IFN signaling alters immune responses, enabling malignant cell survival and proliferation through disrupted regulation of IFN-stimulated gene programs.",{"@graph":69,"@context":114},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/signaling-by-type-i-interferons-in-immune-cells-disease-consequences/330503/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/signaling-by-type-i-interferons-in-immune-cells-disease-consequences/330503.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Emma Wilson","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What immune cell functions are affected by interferons?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Interferons limit viral propagation, support natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, promote maturation of antigen-presenting cells, enhance T- and B-cell activation and survival, and can also drive cell death mechanisms relevant to immune regulation and tumor outcomes.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":116,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":118,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":120,"site_id":62},330503,1790176727,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":123},{"doc_id":120,"user_id":124,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":125,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":126,"file_id":127,"file_url":128,"file_type":129,"file_size":130,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":131,"language":132,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":133,"faqs":134,"seo_title":135,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":136,"read_time":137,"preview_page_count":4},3848291630094,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","cancers   \nReview  \nSignaling by Type I Interferons in Immune Cells: Disease Consequences  \nMarkella Zannikou 1, Eleanor N. Fish 2,3 and Leonidas C. Platanias 1,4, *  \nCitation: Zannikou, M.; Fish, E.N.; Platanias, L.C. Signaling by Type IInterferons in Immune Cells: Disease Consequences. Cancers 2024, 16, 1600 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)cancers16081600  \nAcademic Editor: Marcin Kortylewski  \nReceived: 11 March 2024  \nRevised: 8 April 2024  \nAccepted: 18 April 2024  \nPublished: 22 April 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA  \n2 Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2M1, Canada; [en.fish@utoronto.ca](en.fish@utoronto.ca)  \n3 Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada  \n4 Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA  \n* Correspondence: [l-platanias@northwestern.edu](l-platanias@northwestern.edu)  \nSimple Summary: IFNs are cytokines that play critical roles in the immune defense mechanisms that prevent virus spread. They also exhibit regulatory effects on the immune system and contribute to the elimination of malignant cells. These cytokines mediate their effects by binding on unique receptors on the surface of immune cells, initiating signaling cascades that trigger expression of IFNstimulated genes (ISGs) that ultimately drive expression of specific proteins that mediate the various interferon responses and effects. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which interferons control different types of cells of the immune system, as well as malignant cells to mediate their important biological properties.  \nAbstract: This review addresses interferon (IFN) signaling in immune cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) and examines how this affects cancer progression. The data reveal that IFNs exert dual roles in cancers, dependent on the TME, exhibiting both anti-tumor activity and promoting cancer progression. We discuss the abnormal IFN signaling induced by cancerous cells that alters immune responses to permit their survival and proliferation.  \nKeywords: interferons; signaling; immune cells; cancer; dendritic cell; macrophage; NK cells; neutrophils; T cell; B cells; tumor microenvironment  \n1. Introduction  \nBy preventing the spread of viruses, IFNs are essential in the immune defense process [1,2] . According to the immunosurveillance hypothesis proposed by Thomas and Burnet, IFNs are important constituents of the immune system that detect and eliminate cancerous cells [3,4] . In 1994, Schreiber and colleagues provided initial experimental evidence of immunosurveillance, by highlighting the crucial role of IFNγ signaling in cancer immunoediting [5–7] . IFNs have various activities, which have been implicated in eliminating virus infections, promoting autoimmune disorders and metabolic syndromes, and clearing cancers [8] . IFNs are classified into three Types: I, II, and III. The defining factors for their classification include the type of cell that produces the IFN, the molecular structure of the IFN itself, the cell surface receptor that recognizes the IFN, the specific associated signaling pathways involved, and the particular responses that the IFN triggers. By considering all these factors, we can unravel the complex mechanisms that govern cellular responses to different ","cbCaiqO1TtBGYc5R","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqO1TtBGYc5R","pdf",2375030,22,"English","# Introduction\n## Type I interferons and IFNAR signaling\n## Type II and Type III interferons\n## IFN pleiotropic effects","[{\"question\":\"What immune cell functions are affected by interferons?\",\"answer\":\"Interferons limit viral propagation, support natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, promote maturation of antigen-presenting cells, enhance T- and B-cell activation and survival, and can also drive cell death mechanisms relevant to immune regulation and tumor outcomes.\"}]","Signaling by Type I Interferons in Immune Cells - Disease Consequences | PDF",1789989180,55]