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A deep literature review was conducted and thematically synthesized to report the consequences of ongoing efforts to expand LSA use. Findings identify overarching side effects, including educational distortion, increased inequity and injustice, demoralization of professionals, ethical corruption, and reduced innovation. The study argues these harms can be inherent qualities and outcomes of LSAs, even when they produce measurable benefits.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/side-effects-of-large-scale-assessments-in-education/601003/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/side-effects-of-large-scale-assessments-in-education/601003.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"mieayamfan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of this article on large-scale assessments?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To synthesize major concerns found in the education literature about the side effects of large-scale assessments (LSAs).","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did the authors carry out the research?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They completed a deep literature review on LSAs and synthesized reported side effects thematically to understand ongoing impacts.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What major negative side effects does the article discuss?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The article discusses distortion of education, exacerbation of inequity and injustice, demoralization of professionals, ethical corruption, and stifling innovation in education.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"Why does the article claim the harms of LSAs cannot be resolved with technical fixes?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"Because the problems are side effects of mechanisms that also produce LSAs’ effectiveness; therefore, they cannot be eliminated through improved testing or analytics alone.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},601003,1792209281,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149},962090893677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Side Effects of Large-Scale Assessments in Education  \nTrina E. Emler, Yong Zhao, Jiayi Deng and Danqing Yin University of Kansas  \nECNU Review of Education 2019, Vol. 2(3) 279–296 ª The Author(s) 2019 Article reuse guidelines:  \n[sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/2096531119878964](DOI: 10.1177/2096531119878964)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/2096531119878964)[journals.sagepub.com/home/roe](journals.sagepub.com/home/roe)  \nYurou Wang The University of Alabama  \nAbstract  \nPurpose: In line with a recent call for side effects research in education, this article aims to synthesize the major concerns that have been raised in the literature concerning large-scale assessments (LSAs) in education.  \nDesign/Approach/Methods: The researchers endeavored to complete a deep review of the literature on LSAs to synthesize the reported side effects. The review was synthesized thematically to understand and report the consequences of the ongoing push for the use of LSA in education. Findings: Thematic analysis indicated overarching side effects of LSA in education. We discuss why negative side effects exist and present evidence of the most commonly observed side effects of LSA in education, including distorting education, exacerbating inequity and injustice, demoralization of professionals, ethical corruption, and stifling of innovation in education.  \nOriginality/Value: While concerns about the use and misuse of LSA in education are not new and have been discussed widely in the literature, rarely have they been discussed as inherent qualities and consequences of LSAs that can do harm to education.  \nCorresponding author:  \nTrina E. Emler, Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, School of Education, University of Kansas, 1122 W Campus Road, Lawrence, KS 66049, USA.  \nEmail: [trina.emler@ku.edu](trina.emler@ku.edu)  \nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative  \nCommons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ([http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ([https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage](https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage)).  \nKeywords  \nInequity, large-scale assessments, side effects  \nDate received: 16 April 2019; accepted: 6 September 2019  \nRecent decades saw a significant increase in the use of large-scale assessments (LSAs) in education. More LSAs have been developed and implemented. More students and teachers have been subject to the consequences of LSAs. More countries and areas have engaged with LSAs. As a result, the impact and influence of LSAs have become broader, deeper, and more consequential.  \nThe growth of LSAs suggests their value and utility in education. LSAs can be powerful tools to hold educators accountable, efficient means to collect and provide evidence for policy making, and are perceived as objective and incorruptible instruments for sorting and selecting individuals for competitive opportunities such as prestigious colleges. Accompanying the growth in use and impact is the growth in criticism of LSAs. While LSA has never lacked criticism (Popham, 1999), its growth has attracted more (Lewis & Lingard, 2015) . The criticism of LSA touches virtually all aspects of LSA. Some of the criticism concerns technical issues such as the design and implementation, which can be addressed with more sophisticated techniques and technologies. Others are more concerned with the uses of LSA and their negative consequences, which cannot be addressed with better testing techniques, more sophisticated statistical models, improved sampling methods, or more careful analytical methods. As such, these problems of LS","cbCaihcCA3WOtgO6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihcCA3WOtgO6","pdf",233202,18,"English","# Abstract\n# Purpose and Rationale\n# Defining Characteristics of LSAs\n## Accountability\n## Selection\n## Comparison","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of this article on large-scale assessments?\",\"answer\":\"To synthesize major concerns found in the education literature about the side effects of large-scale assessments (LSAs).\"},{\"question\":\"How did the authors carry out the research?\",\"answer\":\"They completed a deep literature review on LSAs and synthesized reported side effects thematically to understand ongoing impacts.\"},{\"question\":\"What major negative side effects does the article discuss?\",\"answer\":\"The article discusses distortion of education, exacerbation of inequity and injustice, demoralization of professionals, ethical corruption, and stifling innovation in education.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the article claim the harms of LSAs cannot be resolved with technical fixes?\",\"answer\":\"Because the problems are side effects of mechanisms that also produce LSAs’ effectiveness; therefore, they cannot be eliminated through improved testing or analytics alone.\"}]","Side Effects of Large-Scale Assessments in Education | PDF",1792091783,45]