[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-326127-105":59,"doc-detail-326127-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","should-ohio-invest-in-universal-preschooling-the-economics-of-preschooling","Should Ohio Invest in Universal Preschooling? - The Economics of Preschooling","","Should Ohio fund universal preschool for all children statewide? The document analyzes preschool as an education investment using a balance-sheet framework, weighing program costs—facilities, materials, staffing, and screening—with expected economic and social returns. It details short-, medium-, and long-term benefits, including improved academic achievement, health and nutrition gains, reduced grade repetition and special education needs, lower crime, education cost savings, and higher earnings that increase tax revenue.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/should-ohio-invest-in-universal-preschooling-the-economics-of-preschooling/326127/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/should-ohio-invest-in-universal-preschooling-the-economics-of-preschooling/326127.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aurelia","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why does the document treat preschool as an economic investment?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It frames early childhood education as an investment that improves children’s prospects and generates economic payoffs for society through measurable outcomes over time.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What cost components are considered when expanding preschool programs?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The analysis includes facilities, materials, and salaries for administrative directors, teachers, and assistants, with higher costs for higher-quality programs that include certified staff, smaller classes, meals, and screening.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What benefits does universal preschooling provide according to the document?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Benefits include improved academic achievement and better health and nutrition while enrolled, plus medium- and long-term effects such as reduced grade repetition, less need for special education, fewer crimes, and higher wages leading to larger tax payments.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},326127,1790501844,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1099514068365,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/10000253d8d9f28188e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1794309523707217728","by Clive R.Belfield  \nOi hasalmost150.0 hceyearold children;however,fewer than 41,000are covered by publicly supportedpreschool programs,and the majority ofthese are in special education or HeadStart programs.Preschooling is associ-ated with a number of positive outcomes.from higher test scores,graduation rates,and college progression to reductions inspecial education,grade repetition,andcrime.One might wonder why it isn'tmade available to every child.  \nAt issue is whether the benefits wouldoutweigh the costs of providingpreschool programs to a larger propor-tion of chldren.Currently two states,Gcorgia and Oklahoma,offer universalpreschooling,but many others are con-sidering expanding their coverage.Should Ohio make publicly fundedpreschool programs available to all chil-dren across the state?  \n■ The Economics of  \n# Preschooling\n\nEconomists think ofeducation as aninvestment that enhances children'sprospects and yields economic payoffsfor society (see Carneiro and Heckman,2003).Early childhood education(ECE)is no exception to this rule.In fact,mostrecent research finds that investing earlyis a very powerful investment and thatwhat hinders children from learning inschool (and going on to college)is thelack of adequate preparation at anearlier age.  \nBut would an investment in universalECE make economic sense for Ohio?Toanswer that question,the investmentshould be viewed within a balance sheetframework,relating the costs of provid-ing the investment to its anticipatedfuture benefits.  \n# ecONOMICCOMMCNTCRY\n\nShould Ohio Invest in Universal Preschooling?  \nOn one side of the balance sheet is thecost of providing ECE programs.Thecost ingredients include facilities,materi-als,and salaries for administrative direc-tors,teachers,and assistants.The actualcosts could vary considerably,dependingon how the programs are designed andthe supplemental services providedHigh-quality programs cost more to pro-vide.Class sizes are smaller,and teachersare more likely to be certified and experi-enced.Meals are provided,and childrenare screened for health and learning prob-lems.One of the most successful ECEprograms,the High/Scope PerryPreschool program,cost approximately  \nS7,000 per child annually.For the sakeof comparison,Head Start programs inOhio average S5,500 per child,and K-12education costs an average ofS8,441 perchild per year.  \nOn the other side of the balance sheet arethe benefits of wider ECE participation.These are numerous.Some benefitsaccrue in the short term,while the childis enrolled and immediately after leavinga program.Some accrue in the mediumterm,as the child progresses throughschool.Some accrue over the longerterm and through adulthood,with entryinto the labor force.  \nThe short-term benefits are obtained pri-marily by the children who participateand include the obvious—improvedacademic achievement—but also higher-quality health (because they receiveimmunizations and early diagnosis oftreatable conditions)and better nutrition.Children enrolled in ECE are also lesslikely to suffer neglect or abuse.Stateand federal govemments may also bene-fit at this stage,because some parentswill be able to enter the workforce andgenerate tax revenue while their childrenattend preschool  \nFebruary 15,2005  \nA growing body of evidence showsthat quality preschooling is associatedwith a host of benefits to students,schools,and society at large.Thesebenefits can have a positive impact ona state's budget,too:Children whoattend preschool are not only moresuccessful throughout their schoolcareers,they also graduate and go onto college more often,commit fewercrimes,and earn higher wages oncethey enter the workforce.Researchsuggests that making public preschooling available to all childrenwould be a cost-effective way foimprove academic performance.ThisCommentary explains why makingpublic preschooling available to allchildren in the state would be a wiseinvestment forOhio.  \nWhen children go on to kindergarten andhigher grades,those who have had EC","cbCaisstZ8MdadjQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisstZ8MdadjQ","pdf",1227278,"English","# The Economics of Preschooling\n## Should Ohio Invest in Universal Preschooling?\n## Costs of Universal Preschooling\n## Benefits of Wider Preschool Participation\n## Budget Impacts and Long-Term Returns","[{\"question\":\"Why does the document treat preschool as an economic investment?\",\"answer\":\"It frames early childhood education as an investment that improves children’s prospects and generates economic payoffs for society through measurable outcomes over time.\"},{\"question\":\"What cost components are considered when expanding preschool programs?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis includes facilities, materials, and salaries for administrative directors, teachers, and assistants, with higher costs for higher-quality programs that include certified staff, smaller classes, meals, and screening.\"},{\"question\":\"What benefits does universal preschooling provide according to the document?\",\"answer\":\"Benefits include improved academic achievement and better health and nutrition while enrolled, plus medium- and long-term effects such as reduced grade repetition, less need for special education, fewer crimes, and higher wages leading to larger tax payments.\"}]","Should Ohio Invest in Universal Preschooling? - The Economics of Preschooling | PDF",1789972280,13]