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It collected data on shipping traffic patterns and ballast water management practices, estimating amounts and sources of ballast water released near U.S. waters. Control options for ballast water–mediated invasions were assessed through expert consultations and market capability investigations, followed by recommendations to manage and reduce invasion risk.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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is the main focus of the shipping study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study examines how shipping contributes to the introduction of nonindigenous aquatic organisms into U.S. coastal waters outside the Great Lakes, and evaluates control options.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What data and information were collected for the analysis?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It collected data on shipping traffic patterns and ballast water management practices, then estimated the amount and sources of ballast water released in or near U.S. waters.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How were control options evaluated?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Various options for controlling ballast water–mediated invasions were examined through consultations with experts across relevant fields and by investigating capabilities of products available on the market.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},201465,1788534185,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",{"doc_id":79,"user_id":84,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":85,"doc_module":4,"category_id":86,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":87,"file_id":88,"file_url":89,"file_type":90,"file_size":91,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":92,"language":93,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":94,"faqs":95,"seo_title":96,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":80,"read_time":97,"preview_page_count":4},1099513958607,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002390cf8733938c?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778829742770036399",8,"SHIPPING STUDY  \n'The Role of Shipping in the Introduction of NonindigenousAquatic Organisms to the Coastal Waters of the United States(other than in the Great Lakes)and an Analysis of ControlOptions.  \nN O TICE  \nThis document is disseminated underthe sponsorshipofthe Department of Transportation inthe interest of infor-mation exchange.The United States Government as-sumes no liability for its contents or use th.ereof.  \nThe United States Government does not endorse prod-ucts or manufacturers.Trade or manufacturers'namesappear herein solely because they are considered essen-tial to the object of this report.  \nThis report was directed and sponsored by the CoastGuard Research and Development Center.This reportdoes not constitute astandard,specificationorregulation.  \nSAMUELF.POWEL,IIITechnical Director  \nUnited States Coast GuardResearch&Development Center1082 Shennecossett RoadGroton,CT 06340-6096  \nTechnical Report Documentation Page  \n\n| I.ReportNo.  \u003Cbr>CG-D-XX-92   | 2.Government Accession No.   |  |  | 3.Recipient's Catalog No.   |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 4.Title and Subtitle  \u003Cbr>SHIPPING STUDY-The Role of Shipping in the Introduction of Non-  \u003Cbr>indigenous Aquatic Organisms to the Coastal Waters of the United  \u003Cbr>States (other than the Great Lakes)and an Analysis of Control Options   |  |  |  | 5.Report Date   |  |\n|  |  |  |  | 6.Performing Organization Code   |  |\n|  |  |  |  | 8.Performing Organization Report No.  \u003Cbr>R&DC 17/92   |  |\n| 7.Author(s)  \u003Cbr>James T.Carlton,Donald M.Reid,Henry van Leeuwen   |  |  |  |  |  |\n| 9.Pertorming Organization Name and Address  \u003Cbr>Maritime Studies Program  \u003Cbr>Williams College-Mystic Seaport  \u003Cbr>75 Greenmanville Avenue  \u003Cbr>Mystic,CT 06355   |  |  |  | 10.Work Unit No.(TRAIS)   |  |\n|  |  |  |  | 11.Contract or Grant No.  \u003Cbr>DTCG-91-F-HMR337-1   |  |\n|  |  |  |  | 13.Type of Report and Period Covered  \u003Cbr>Final Report   |  |\n| 12.Sponsoring Agency Name and Address  \u003Cbr>U.S.Coast Guard  \u003Cbr>Department of Transportation  \u003Cbr>U.S.Coast Guard  \u003Cbr>Research and Development Center  \u003Cbr>1082 Shennecossett Road  \u003Cbr>Office of Engineering,Logistics,  \u003Cbr>Groton,Connecticut 06340-6096 and Development  \u003Cbr>Washinaton.D.C.   20593-0001   |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  | 14.Sponsoring Agency Code   |  |\n| 15.Supplementary Notes  \u003Cbr>This report was mandated by U.S.Public Law 101-646(29 November 1990).   |  |  |  |  |  |\n| 16.Abstract  \u003Cbr>This study investigated the extent to which shipping contributes to the introducton of nonindigenous  \u003Cbr>species into U.S.waters;potential options for controlling such introductions:and the issue of  \u003Cbr>whether this problem is of regional or national concern.Data on shipping traffic patterns and  \u003Cbr>ballast water management practices were collected,and estimates were made of the amount and  \u003Cbr>sources of ballast water released in or near U.S.waters.The feasibilities of various options for  \u003Cbr>controlling ballast water-mediated invasions were examined via consultations with experts in  \u003Cbr>various fields and investigation into capabilities of products on the market.Recommendations  \u003Cbr>include potential strategies for managing/reducing the risk of nonindigenous species invasions.   |  |  |  |  |  |\n| 17.Key Words  \u003Cbr>shipping study  \u003Cbr>ballast water  \u003Cbr>zebra mussel  \u003Cbr>exotic species  \u003Cbr>ballast sediments  \u003Cbr>nonindigenous  \u003Cbr>ballast water exchange  \u003Cbr>invasions  \u003Cbr>ballast water control   |  | 18.Distribution Statement  \u003Cbr>Document is available to the U.S.public through  \u003Cbr>the National Technical Information Service,  \u003Cbr>Springfield,Virginia 22161  \u003Cbr>(703)987-4600   |  |  |  |\n| 9.Security Classif.(of this report)  \u003Cbr>20.SECURITY CLASSIF.(of this page)  \u003Cbr>UNCLASSIFIED  \u003Cbr>UNCLASSIFIED   |  |  | 21.No.of Pages   |  | 22.Price   |\n\nForm DOT F 1700.7(8/72)  \nReproduction of form and completed page is authorized  \nMETRIC CONVERSION FACTORS  \n\n|  | &   |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  | 21  \u003Cbr>品   ","cbCaieK454YPhjNi","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieK454YPhjNi","pdf",22796176,372,"English","# Abstract\n## Key issues and scope\n## Data sources and assessment methods\n## Control options and recommendations","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of the shipping study?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines how shipping contributes to the introduction of nonindigenous aquatic organisms into U.S. coastal waters outside the Great Lakes, and evaluates control options.\"},{\"question\":\"What data and information were collected for the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"It collected data on shipping traffic patterns and ballast water management practices, then estimated the amount and sources of ballast water released in or near U.S. waters.\"},{\"question\":\"How were control options evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"Various options for controlling ballast water–mediated invasions were examined through consultations with experts across relevant fields and by investigating capabilities of products available on the market.\"}]","Shipping Study - The Role of Shipping in the Introduction of Nonindigenous Aquatic Organisms to the Coastal Waters of the United States (other than the Great Lakes) and an Analysis of Control Options | PDF",937,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":99},[100,104,108,112,117,122,127,130,135,138,142],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Story & 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