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Speakers increasingly shift from their mother tongue to Malay after school entry, with intergenerational decline in lexicon and lower achievement of nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Attitude toward Bajau Sama varies by age group and family or neighbourhood domains show stronger Malay preference, supporting a revitalization approach.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/shifting-the-dimensionality-of-language-evidence-from-bilingual-bajau-sama-kota-belud-in-malaysia/590040/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/shifting-the-dimensionality-of-language-evidence-from-bilingual-bajau-sama-kota-belud-in-malaysia/590040.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Cart","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What language shift process does the study focus on?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It focuses on how Bajau Sama speakers in Kota Belud shift from using the mother tongue to using Malay, especially after entering school.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were participants selected for the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The researchers used an age cross-sectional method with stratified sampling, selecting 300 participants across age groups 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, and 50-59.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why is the Bajau Sama language considered endangered in this work?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study cites an Eberhard et al. scheme indicating the language is at the “Endangered” level, with speaker numbers estimated to be under 10,000 and declining intergenerational transmission.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590040,1792209283,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},18829141979164,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Advances in Language and Literary Studies  \nISSN: 2203-4714  \n[www.alls.aiac.org.au](www.alls.aiac.org.au)  \n| Shifting the Dimensionality of Language: Evidence from Bilingual Bajau Sama Kota Belud in Malaysia\u003Cbr>Berawati Renddan*, Adi Yasran AbdulAziz, NoorAina Dani\u003Cbr>Department of Malay Language, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia\u003Cbr>Corresponding Author: Berawati Renddan, [E-mail: bera_wawa@yahoo.com](E-mail: bera_wawa@yahoo.com) |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| ARTICLE INFO | ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>The language shift phenomenon in the Bajau Sama Kota Belud in Sabah is definite. The researchers surveyed the phenomenon in Kampung Taun Gusi 1, Kota Belud, Sabah. Based on the age cross-sectional method, 300 participants of 20-29 years (G20s), 30-39 years (G30s), 40-49 years (G40s), and 50-59 years (G50s) respectively were selected by stratified sampling. The objective of this study is to formulate the dimensionality of language shift. The researchers found that speakers shifted from using the mother tongue to the Malay language after entering school. The Bajau Sama language spoken as the mother tongue has declined from one generation to another. For a better understanding of the Bajau Sama lexical, G20s meet Fishman’s (1991) implication scale negatively. The group achievement of nouns has decreased to 26.9%, verbs (33.9%), and adjectives (32%) . Meanwhile, the attitude overtness towards the Bajau Sama language is most evident among G50s with a statistical min of 83.00, declining by 48.20 in G30s and 41.80 in G40s, which eventually and significantly decreased by 23.20 in G20s. In the family domain, G20s prefer using the Malay language over Bajau Sama. In the neighbourhood domain, G20s and G30s use the Malay language frequently. All the groups choose to speak the Malay language in the shop outlet domain. This study’s implications demonstrate G20s and G30shave shifted to use the Malay language in family and neighbourhood domains. This shifting justifies the low vocabulary knowledge in Bajau Sama compared to G40s and G50s. Overall, the language shift from the mother tongue to the Malay language in the Bajau Sama Kota Belud community occurred due to bilingualism, the level of status, and unequal power between the two languages, the impact of political, economic, and social situations on one language group. In conclusion, we suggested that the Bajau Sama standard language curriculum be introduced in primary schools to sustain its vitality as a revitalization program. |\n| Article history\u003Cbr>Received: September 17, 2020\u003Cbr>Accepted: November 05, 2020\u003Cbr>Published: December 31, 2020\u003Cbr>Volume: 11 Issue: 6\u003Cbr>Advance access: December 2020 |  |\n| Conflicts of interest: None\u003Cbr>Funding: None |  |\n| Key words:\u003Cbr>Language Shift, Dimensionality, Domain,\u003Cbr>Attitude, Intergenerational, Language Transmission, Mother Tongue |  |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nThe Sama Bajau, Kota Belud community, changes from using one primary language to another wide variety of languages in a language shift process. Specifically, Fishman (1991, p. 1) defines language shift as a process when the continuity of intergenerational language transmission occurs negatively. Speakers, readers, writers, and even those who understand the mother tongue language are getting lesser in each generation. According to Sarri (2016, p. 64), language shift occurs under certain social conditions: the presence of bilingualism, the level of status and unequal power between two languages, and the impact of political, economic, and social situations on one language group. Language shifts are often perfected in three generations. Migration, industrialization, and economic change have been considered as causes. This article’s language shift concept is when the Kota Belud Bajau Sama bilingual gradually stops using their mother tongue for other languages.  \nBajau Sama in Kota Belud belongs to the West Coast Bajau family in Sabah, Malaysia. The locals kn","cbCainLIophcgx9Q","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainLIophcgx9Q","pdf",323682,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Research Problem\n# References\n# Article Information","[{\"question\":\"What language shift process does the study focus on?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on how Bajau Sama speakers in Kota Belud shift from using the mother tongue to using Malay, especially after entering school.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants selected for the study?\",\"answer\":\"The researchers used an age cross-sectional method with stratified sampling, selecting 300 participants across age groups 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, and 50-59.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is the Bajau Sama language considered endangered in this work?\",\"answer\":\"The study cites an Eberhard et al. scheme indicating the language is at the “Endangered” level, with speaker numbers estimated to be under 10,000 and declining intergenerational transmission.\"}]","Shifting the Dimensionality of Language - Evidence from Bilingual Bajau Sama Kota Belud in Malaysia | PDF",1792068662,33]