[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-462736-105":59,"doc-detail-462736-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","shear-tests-on-polyurethane-flexible-joints","Shear Tests on Polyurethane Flexible Joints","","This paper investigates the behavior of PM-type polyurethane flexible joints connecting structural components under shear loading. Flexible polyurethanes provide energy dissipation and accommodate large deformations, yet performance under shear remains insufficiently studied. Nine masonry triplet specimens—concrete units with PM-type polyurethane—were tested under three precompression levels (0.2, 0.6, 1.0 N/mm²), with tensile tests used for material-model calibration. Increasing precompression increased ultimate shear loads, and failure occurred at the unit–joint interface without damage to masonry units.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/shear-tests-on-polyurethane-flexible-joints/462736/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/shear-tests-on-polyurethane-flexible-joints/462736.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Dipper","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-06","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main objective of the study on PM-type polyurethane flexible joints?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To characterize polyurethane flexible joints under varying normal stress, identify failure modes, and estimate key mechanical parameters for shear behavior.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the shear tests conducted and what precompression levels were used?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Nine masonry triplet specimens were subjected to shear testing using a procedure adapted from EN 1052-3, with precompression levels of 0.2, 0.6, and 1.0 N/mm².",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What failure mode did the specimens show during shear testing?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"All specimens failed by shear at the unit–flexible joint interface, with no observed damage in the masonry units.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},462736,1791130674,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1374404997633,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Article  \nShear Tests on Polyurethane Flexible Joints  \nŁukasz Hojdys 1, *, Piotr Krajewski 1 and Arkadiusz Kwiecie ´n 2  \nAcademic Editor: Aniello Riccio  \nReceived: 24 November 2025  \nRevised: 19 December 2025  \nAccepted: 24 December 2025  \nPublished: 26 December 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland; [piotr.krajewski@pk.edu.pl](piotr.krajewski@pk.edu.pl)  \n2 FlexAndRobust Systems Ltd., Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland; [ak@flexandrobust.com](ak@flexandrobust.com)  \n* Correspondence: [lukasz.hojdys@pk.edu.pl](lukasz.hojdys@pk.edu.pl)  \nAbstract  \nThis paper investigates the behavior of PM-type polyurethane flexible joints connecting structural components. Although flexible polyurethanes are known for their energy dissipation capacity and ability to accommodate large deformations—particularly under seismic actions—research addressing their performance under shear loading remains limited. The primary objective of this work was to characterize these joints under varying levels of normal stress, identify failure modes, and estimate key mechanical parameters. Nine masonry triplet specimens, composed of concrete units and PM-type polyurethane, were subjected to shear testing using a procedure adapted from EN 1052-3 . Tests were carried out at three precompression levels: 0.2, 0.6, and 1.0 N/mm2. Tensile tests were further performed to calibrate material models. The results showed that increasing precompression led to higher ultimate shear loads. All specimens failed due to shear failure at the unit–flexible joint interface, with no damage observed in the masonry units. Based on linear regression following EN 1052-3, the initial shear strength was determined to be 0.729 N/mm2, corresponding toa friction coefficient of 0 .14.  \nKeywords: flexible joint; flexible polyurethane; initial shear strength; masonry; concrete block  \n1. Introduction  \nMEZeroE is a European research and innovation initiative funded under the Horizon 2020 programme, focused on advancing building envelope technologies for nearly zeroenergy buildings (nZEBs) . The project establishes a distributed open-innovation ecosystem that connects manufacturers, research institutions, and laboratories via a virtual testing and validation platform. This ecosystem includes nine measurement and verification lines (PM&VL) as well as services supporting the commercialization of innovative solutions, facilitating faster introduction of sustainable building technologies to the market. By providing access to state-of-the-art experimental infrastructure and promoting collaboration among stakeholders, MEZeroE enables systematic evaluation and optimization of new materials and construction methods, aligning research outcomes with industry needs [1] .  \nWithin the MEZeroE framework, researchers at Cracow University of Technology investigated polyurethane-based materials for applications in building envelopes. The studied products are designed for connecting structural components, strengthening, repairing damaged elements, and crack injections. As part of the pilot measurement and verification line (PM&VL7), a comprehensive experimental program was implemented to assess the fundamental mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties of the flexible polyurethanes. The results are intended to support both performance validation and  \nmarket introduction of the product, contributing to the broader adoption of durable and sustainable building envelope solutions [2] .  \nThe flexible polyurethanes are used in surface strengthening systems for structural elements. In these systems, meshes made of steel, glass, or carbon fibers are embedded in a flexible matrix [3,4] . Polyurethane enables energy absorption and dissipati","cbCaipHKwRpOHqoP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipHKwRpOHqoP","pdf",5338417,17,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Research context (MEZeroE)\n## Purpose of shear characterization\n## Material role in surface strengthening and flexible connections","[{\"question\":\"What is the main objective of the study on PM-type polyurethane flexible joints?\",\"answer\":\"To characterize polyurethane flexible joints under varying normal stress, identify failure modes, and estimate key mechanical parameters for shear behavior.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the shear tests conducted and what precompression levels were used?\",\"answer\":\"Nine masonry triplet specimens were subjected to shear testing using a procedure adapted from EN 1052-3, with precompression levels of 0.2, 0.6, and 1.0 N/mm².\"},{\"question\":\"What failure mode did the specimens show during shear testing?\",\"answer\":\"All specimens failed by shear at the unit–flexible joint interface, with no observed damage in the masonry units.\"}]","Shear Tests on Polyurethane Flexible Joints | PDF",1790765023,43]