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Because DTC-GT companies often advise consumers to consult healthcare professionals for help interpreting and using genetic health risk information, potential effects on healthcare systems may arise. A systematic review assessed consumer sharing behaviors, healthcare professional experiences, and healthcare utilization, especially regarding validation of DTC-GT results and subsequent clinical actions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/sharing-behavior-and-health-care-utilization-following-direct-to-consumer-genetic-testing-a-systematic-review/443571/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/sharing-behavior-and-health-care-utilization-following-direct-to-consumer-genetic-testing-a-systematic-review/443571.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ophelia","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-02","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the focus of the systematic review on DTC-GT?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review assessed how actual DTC-GT consumers share results, healthcare professionals’ experiences with that sharing, and healthcare utilization after DTC-GT—especially validation and subsequent clinical actions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How many studies were included and what time range did they cover?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The search identified 40 eligible studies published between 2009 and 2022.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the review find about sharing DTC-GT results?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Sharing with primary healthcare professionals was common (1% to 57%). Many participants also shared with family members (18% to 98%), especially close family, while extended-family sharing was less frequent.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},443571,1790906332,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":26},7971461741311,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000253aff267980c6?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779345379180704826","SYSTEMATIC REVIEW  \nSharing behavior and health care utilization following directto-consumer genetic testing: a systematic review  \n[version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]  \nEva Van Steijvoort 1, Kaatje Goossens 1, Kenji Demesure 1,  \nAlexandra Stanczak 1, Maria Siermann 1,2, Pascal Borry 1  \n1 Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium  \n2 Department of Health, Ethics & Society, Maastricht University GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands  \nv1  \nFirst published: 21 Mar 2025, 5:74  \n[https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.19751.1](https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.19751.1)  \n[Latest published:](Latest published: 19 Sep 2025)[ 19 Sep 2025](Latest published: 19 Sep 2025), 5:74  \n[https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.19751.2](https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.19751.2)  \nAbstract  \nBackground  \nDirect-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT) which provides genetic information directly to the public, has become widely available at a moderate cost. Since DTC-GT companies frequently recommend that consumers consult healthcare professionals for assistance in interpreting and using genetic health risk information, this could potentially have an impact on healthcare systems.  \nMethods  \nWe performed a systematic review to assess: (1) the sharing behavior of actual DTC-GT consumers,(2) experiences of healthcare professionals regarding DTC-GT consumers sharing their test results and (3) healthcare utilization following DTC-GT, with a particular focus on validation of DTC-GT results and subsequent clinical actions. Our systematic review was registered in PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42024517079 .  \nOpen Peer Review  \n\n| Approval Status  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 |  | 2 |\n| version 2\u003Cbr>(revision)\u003Cbr>19 Sep 2025\u003Cbr>version 1\u003Cbr>21 Mar 2025 | view\u003Cbr>|  |\n|  | | |\n|  | view view |  |\n\n1. Kurt Christensen , Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA  \n2. Lola Cook , Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, USA  \nAny reports and responses or comments on the  \narticle can be found at the end of the article.  \nResults  \nOur search identified 40 unique articles eligible for inclusion that were published between 2009 en 2022. The proportion of participants who shared their DTC-GT test results with a health care professional ranged from 1% to 57% . DTC-GT consumers most commonly reported sharing their results with a primary healthcare professional. The  \nproportion of health care professionals that had experiences with DTC-consumers sharing their test results ranged from 19% to 76% . The percentage of participants sharing their DTC-GT test with family members ranged from 18% to 98% . More detailed analysis indicated that this was frequently the case with partners, parents, and siblings. Sharing of test results with extended family members occurred less frequently. Several studies reported on instances of DTC-GT result validation and clinical actions performed based on the DTC-GT findings  \nConclusion  \nWhile initial concerns about the impact of DTC-GT on health care systems have not fully materialized, the increasing number of consumers consulting with healthcare professionals underscores the need for preparedness and appropriate policy responses. Future research should prioritize standardizing study methodologies and expanding investigations beyond the U.S. context to better capture the global impact of DTC-GT.  \nPlain language summary  \nDirect-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT) is now widely available, allowing people to learn about their genetic health risks without the involvement of a health care professional. Many companies offering these tests recommend that consumers talk to healthcare professionals to help understand their results, which could affect the healthcare system. We reviewed studies to learn about three things:  \n(1) how frequently peo","cbCaiszDS2WZHWE9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiszDS2WZHWE9","pdf",1393663,24,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n## Plain language summary\n# Keywords\n# Corresponding author and author roles","[{\"question\":\"What was the focus of the systematic review on DTC-GT?\",\"answer\":\"The review assessed how actual DTC-GT consumers share results, healthcare professionals’ experiences with that sharing, and healthcare utilization after DTC-GT—especially validation and subsequent clinical actions.\"},{\"question\":\"How many studies were included and what time range did they cover?\",\"answer\":\"The search identified 40 eligible studies published between 2009 and 2022.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the review find about sharing DTC-GT results?\",\"answer\":\"Sharing with primary healthcare professionals was common (1% to 57%). Many participants also shared with family members (18% to 98%), especially close family, while extended-family sharing was less frequent.\"}]","Sharing behavior and health care utilization following direct-to-consumer genetic testing - a systematic review | PDF",1790704462]