[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-149526-en":3,"doc-seo-149526-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":11,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},149526,962084925782,"Chloe Bennett","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc",2,"Literature","Shaping Darkness in hyakkiyagyō emaki","The document analyzes hyakkiyagyō emaki in Japanese culture, focusing on yōkai as fear-fraught beings that occupy the other world and blur boundaries between realms. It explains hyakki yagyō as a night parade where monsters gather in crowds, then scatter at dawn or through the Buddhist Shingon darani no hi. It frames the theme through liminality—how familiar spaces and times become portals at night—supporting interpretation via literary references and specific textual traditions.","Shaping Darkness in hyakkiyagyō emaki  \nRaluca NICOLAE*  \nAbstract  \nIn Japanese culture, the yōkai, the numinous creatures inhabiting the other world and, sometimes, the boundary between our world and the other, are obvious manifestations of the feeling of fear,“translated” into text and image. Among the numerous emaki in which the yōkai appear, there is a specific type, called hyakki yagyō (the night parade of one hundred demons), where all sorts and sizes of monsters flock together to enjoy themselves at night, but, in the end, are scattered away by the first beams of light or by the mysterious darani no hi, the fire produced by a powerful magical invocation, used in the Buddhist sect Shingon. The nexus of this emakimono is their great number, hyakki, (one hundred demons being a generic term which encompasses a large variety of yōkai and oni) as well as the night––the very time when darkness becomes flesh and blood and starts marching on the streets.  \nKeywords: yōkai, night, parade, painted scrolls, fear  \nIzvleček  \nYōkai (prikazni, demoni) so v japonski kulturi nadnaravna bitja, ki naseljuje drug svet in včasih tudi mejo med našim in drugim svetom ter so očitno manifestacija občutka strahu“prevedena” v besedila in podobe. Med številnimi slikami na zvitkih (emaki), kjer seprikazni pojavljajo, obstaja poseben tip, ki se imenuje hyakki yagyō (nočna parade stotih demonov), kjer se zberejo pošasti različne vrste in velikosti, da bi uživali v noči, vendar jih na koncu preženejo prvi žarki svetlobe ali skrivnosten darani no hi, ogenj, ki se pojavi z močnim magičnim zaklinjanje in se uporablja pri budistični sekti Shingon. Skupna vez nateh slikah na zvitkih je številčnost hyakki, (sto demonov, generičen termin, ki označujeveliko različnih prikazni in demonov), kot tudi noč – vsakič, ko tema postane meso in kri in začne korakati po ulicah.  \nKljučne besede: yōkai, noč, parada, poslikani zvitki, strah  \n* Raluca NICOLAE, Associate professor, Department of Modern Languages and Business Communication, Bucharest University of Economic Studies.  \nralun111􀀾at]yahoo.com  \nLiminality and the Birth of hyakkiyagyō  \nHuman experience has always set an invisible boundary between familiar and unfamiliar space, between known and unknown. The existence of this liminal space has undoubtedly shaped our sense of reality, and, as a result, people have tried to fill in the blanks and picture the other world by means of their imagination: a realm inhabited by completely different creatures which bear only a slight remembrance of the human world (Komatsu 2003, 7) . The average man can only reach the boundary between the two worlds, but a person invested with special powers is able to go beyond it. Consequently, the stories about the other world are actually tales about the liminal space between the two worlds. For instance, demons (oni鬼) would appear in the mountains or by the gates or bridges because such places have turned out to be portals to the other world. Moreover, the otherworld does not necessarily points to a certain space, but it also refers to a peculiar time. The roads on which people go back and forth in daylight can easily change into travel routes for supernatural monsters at night (Komatsu 2003, 14–15) .  \nOne of the most notable examples in this respect is hyakki yagyō 百鬼夜行(the night parade of one hundred demons) . The notion of hyakki yagyō(alternatively pronounced hyakki yakō) provides a metaphor that transcends historical contexts and serves as a useful point of view through which to interpret many discourses (Foster 2009, 8) . The idiom usually indicates a procession of numerous demons and yōkai1 who flood the town streets at midnight. The term also refers to the painted scrolls (emakimono 絵巻物) which depict such a nocturnal parade. It was advisable to avoid venturing out on evenings when the hyakki yagyō was known to be on the move. Such times and places represent danger: they were forbidden, unpredictable, beyond the control of ","cbCaioSt8h476B9a","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioSt8h476B9a","pdf",826079,1,19,"English","en",105,"# Liminality and the Birth of hyakkiyagyō\n## Hyakkiyagyō as a concept and its nocturnal threat\n## Literary testimony and taboos\n# Hyakkiyagyō in Literature\n## Ōkagami and the demon parade episode","[{\"question\":\"What does hyakki yagyō refer to in the document?\",\"answer\":\"Hyakki yagyō refers both to a procession of numerous demons and yōkai that flood town streets at midnight, and to the painted scrolls that depict this nocturnal parade.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are hyakki yagyō nights considered dangerous?\",\"answer\":\"They are portrayed as liminal times when darkness becomes embodied and marches through human spaces, making travel unpredictable and beyond human cultural control.\"},{\"question\":\"How does liminality shape the explanation of yōkai and the other world?\",\"answer\":\"The document argues that human experience creates an invisible boundary between familiar and unfamiliar spaces and times; liminal zones invite imagination to fill gaps, while special places like mountains or gates act as portals and daylight routes transform at night.\"}]","Shaping Darkness in hyakkiyagyō emaki | PDF",1787801905,29,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"shaping-darkness-in-hyakkiyagyo-emaki","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/shaping-darkness-in-hyakkiyagyo-emaki/149526/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-31","2026-08-27",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":11},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What does hyakki yagyō refer to in the document?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Hyakki yagyō refers both to a procession of numerous demons and yōkai that flood town streets at midnight, and to the painted scrolls that depict this nocturnal parade.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"Why are hyakki yagyō nights considered dangerous?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"They are portrayed as liminal times when darkness becomes embodied and marches through human spaces, making travel unpredictable and beyond human cultural control.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How does liminality shape the explanation of yōkai and the other world?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The document argues that human experience creates an invisible boundary between familiar and unfamiliar spaces and times; liminal zones invite imagination to fill gaps, while special places like mountains or gates act as portals and daylight routes transform at night.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,100,104,109,114,119,124,129,132,136],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":120,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":138},"General","general"]