[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-607955-105":59,"doc-detail-607955-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","shall-we-not-revenge-1-abstract-building-on-joshua-gerts-argument","Shall We Not Revenge? 1 - Abstract - Building on Joshua Gert’s Argument","","Building on Joshua Gert’s argument that revenge is a basic good, the paper argues that revenge is ethically permissible in some cases. It distinguishes a weaker claim—seeking revenge may be permissible when other reasons independently justify the vengeful act—from a stronger claim—sometimes revenge is permissible for its own sake. After defending these claims, it proposes three additional requirements for ethical revenge.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/shall-we-not-revenge-1-abstract-building-on-joshua-gerts-argument/607955/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/shall-we-not-revenge-1-abstract-building-on-joshua-gerts-argument/607955.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mimi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the paper’s main ethical claim about revenge?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Revenge is ethically permissible in some circumstances. The paper develops this by distinguishing weaker cases where other reasons independently justify the act from stronger cases where revenge itself can be permissible.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the paper define revenge for its analysis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Revenge is treated as acts that return injury for moral injury, where the target has suffered a moral injury that threatens dignity.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What additional guidance does the paper offer after arguing revenge can be permissible?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"After establishing when revenge may be permissible, it proposes three additional requirements for determining whether a particular revenge act is ethical.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},607955,1792230629,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},2336477974920,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Shall We Not Revenge? 1  \nJake Beardsley, College of William and Mary  \nAbstract: Building on Joshua Gert’s argument that revenge is a basic good, I argue that revenge is ethically permissible in some cases. The weaker claim is that it is permissible to seek revenge when other factors independently justify the vengeful action, while the stronger claim is that it is sometimes permissible to seek revenge for its own sake. After arguing that revenge is sometimes permissible, I propose three additional requirements for ethical revenge.  \nBuilding on Joshua Gert’s work which argues that it is rational to pursue revenge,2 I argue that revenge is a good to which victims are entitled, and that it is thus morally permissible to pursue revenge in some circumstances. There is a weak claim and a strong claim: The weak claim is that revenge is ethically permissible in cases where the vengeful action can be independently justified, that is, where it can be justified by appealing to goods other than revenge. The strong claim is that there are cases where it is ethical to take revenge even though the act cannot be independently justified, or selfjustified. In addition to proving these claims, I mean to provide a framework with which we could judge the (im)permissibility of particular revenge acts.  \nIn Parts I and II, I will propose a working concept of revenge, and explain Gert’s argument that revenge is a basic good. I will defend the weak claim in Part III, and the strong claim in Part IV. In Part V, I will propose three additional guidelines for determining whether a revenge act is ethical.  \nPart I. Revenge and Moral Injury  \nJoshua Gert defines revenge as “returning injury for injury.”3 For our purposes, I will consider revenge acts to be those which return injury for moral injury. Following Joram Haber, I hold that moral injuries threaten one’s dignity because they demonstrate that another person has failed to see us one a moral equal.4 Without this qualification, we might misclassify some acts of mere sadism as revenge, as in cases where the initial injury is merely an excuse to act out sadistic impulses. Since moral injury does not supply the motive for these actions, I will exclude them from this analysis of revenge.  \nRevenge may respond to actual or imminent moral injury. If it is actual, then the injured person has already suffered an indignity which diminished their self-respect, whereas imminent moral injury merely threatens to diminish the sufferer’s dignity, but has not yet done so. In either case, inflicting a moral injury need not be morally wrong. If someone has an exaggerated sense of their own entitlements, they may suffer moral injury even if nobody wrongs them. If I believe that I am entitled to bully my coworkers,  \n1 The title of this paper comes from a famous monologue in Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice.  \n2 Joshua Gert,“Revenge is Sweet,” Philosophical Studies (2018): 1-16.  \n3 Gert,“Revenge is Sweet,” 3.  \n4 Joram Haber gives an account of moral injury in the fourth chapter of his book. Haber, Forgiveness: A Philosophical Study,(Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1991) .  \nI might suffer moral injury if someone appropriately criticizes me, and this could serve as a basis for (unethical) revenge.  \nFollowing Jeffrie Murphy, I consider even minor acts of retribution to be revenge.5 A harsh glance could be revenge, so long as the avenger seeks to harm someone who dealt them a moral injury. We can say that an avenger who has dealt a greater amount harm to their target has taken “more” revenge than one who causes less harm. In the next section, I will explain Gert’s argument that revenge is a basic good, which we possess in proportion to the revenge we take.  \nPart II. Revenge is Good  \nGert argues that revenge is a basic good, meaning that it is “the sort of thing, the pursuit of which, for oneself, always provides a reason—though not always a sufficient reason—for action.”6 Although he makes no claims about the ethica","cbCaibWYLfylZfiF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibWYLfylZfiF","pdf",101105,"English","# Abstract\n## Revenge and Moral Injury\n## Revenge is Good\n## Incidental Revenge","[{\"question\":\"What is the paper’s main ethical claim about revenge?\",\"answer\":\"Revenge is ethically permissible in some circumstances. The paper develops this by distinguishing weaker cases where other reasons independently justify the act from stronger cases where revenge itself can be permissible.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper define revenge for its analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Revenge is treated as acts that return injury for moral injury, where the target has suffered a moral injury that threatens dignity.\"},{\"question\":\"What additional guidance does the paper offer after arguing revenge can be permissible?\",\"answer\":\"After establishing when revenge may be permissible, it proposes three additional requirements for determining whether a particular revenge act is ethical.\"}]","Shall We Not Revenge? 1 - Abstract - Building on Joshua Gert’s Argument | PDF",1792208236,18]