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This retrospective cohort study tested whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) slow progression of early pulmonary malignancy. Methods: 6,362 patients were evaluated; 200 adults with type 2 diabetes and a cancer-suspicious pulmonary nodule were matched by SGLT2i exposure. Results: After 28 months median follow-up, progression occurred in 12% vs 24% (p=0.04) and SGLT2i use reduced risk (HR=0.38). Surgical intervention was less frequent (3% vs 13%, p\u003C0.01).",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/sglt2-inhibitor-use-reduces-progression-and-surgical-intervention-of-persistent-pulmonary-nodules/353364/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/sglt2-inhibitor-use-reduces-progression-and-surgical-intervention-of-persistent-pulmonary-nodules/353364.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"OmBimo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What was the main objective of the study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To determine whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) can slow progression of early pulmonary malignancy presenting as persistent nodules.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were patients selected and matched?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"In a retrospective cohort study, 200 adults with type 2 diabetes and a pulmonary nodule suspicious for lung cancer were matched based on exposure to SGLT2i versus an alternative diabetes medication.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What outcomes showed benefit with SGLT2 inhibitor use?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"SGLT2i use was associated with reduced nodule progression and a lower likelihood of requiring surgical intervention, along with longer time to progression and intervention.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},353364,1790467258,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},962090893581,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript  \n\n| | HHS Public Access\u003Cbr>Author manuscript\u003Cbr>Lung Cancer. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2026 August 13. |\n| --- | --- |\n\nPublished in final edited form as:  \nLung Cancer. 2026 May ; 215: 109356. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109356 .  \nSGLT2 inhibitor use reduces progression and surgical intervention of persistent pulmonary nodules  \nKatherine Ortmeyer Welcha, Kelly A. McGoverna, Lydia Chena, Jonathan C. Welchb, Ryan Krousea, Jeffrey Huanga, Kevin Guoa, Michael Browna, Sonia Singhala, Wei-Ting Hwangc, Sunil Singhala,*  \na Division of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, United States  \nb Department of Radiology, Atlantic Health System, Morristown 07960, NJ, United States c Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, PA, United States  \nAbstract  \nObjective: In-situ and early-stage cancers are the fastest growing subset of pulmonary malignancies, often presenting as persistent nodules and ground glass opacities. These lesions are frequently surveilled, though many progress and require interventions. We hypothesized that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) may slow progression of early pulmonary malignancy.  \nMethods: In this retrospective cohort study of 6,362 patients, 200 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a pulmonary nodule suspicious for lung cancer were matched based on exposure to an SGLT2i or an alternative T2DM medication. Primary outcomes included nodule progression (growth > 2 mm or solid component development) and need for intervention (biopsy, surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy). Multivariable Cox regression and log-rank tests were used for analysis.  \nResults: The SGLT2i and non-SGLT2i groups had similar comorbidity profiles, initial nodule sizes and surveillance durations. After a median follow-up of 28 months (range: 3–125), 12% in the SGLT2i group versus 24% in the non-SGLT2i group had progression (p = 0.04). Adjusting for covariates, SGLT2i use was associated with reduced risk of nodule progression (HR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18–0.80) and longer mean time to progression (37.7 versus 29.2 months) . Surgical  \nThis is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)).  \n*Corresponding author at: Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia 19104, PA, United States. [sunil.singhal@pennmedicine.upenn.edu](sunil.singhal@pennmedicine.upenn.edu) (S. Singhal).  \nCRediT authorship contribution statement  \nKatherine Ortmeyer Welch: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Investigation, Methodology, Data curation, Formal analysis, Conceptualization. Kelly A. McGovern: Writing – review & editing, Investigation, Conceptualization. Lydia Chen: Writing – review & editing, Data curation. Jonathan C. Welch: Writing – review & editing, Validation, Formal analysis. Ryan Krouse:  \nWriting – review & editing. Jeffrey Huang: Writing – review & editing. Kevin Guo: Writing – review & editing. Michael Brown: Writing – review & editing. Sonia Singhal: Writing – review & editing, Data curation. Wei-Ting Hwang: Writing – review & editing, Validation, Formal analysis. Sunil Singhal: Writing – review & editing, Data curation.  \nIRB Exempt.  \nAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript  \nOrtmeyer Welch et al. Page 2  \nintervention was less frequent in the SGLT2i group (3% versus 13%, p \u003C 0.01), with prolonged time to intervention (HR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07–0.47) .  \nConclusion: SGLT2i use was associated with lower risk of pulmonary nodule progression and surgical intervention among patients with T2DM, independent ofcomorbidities, glycemic control, and baseline nodule size. These findings suggest a potential role for SGLT2i in","cbCairByYJsjQQyv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairByYJsjQQyv","pdf",1158732,17,"English","# Abstract\n## Objective\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n## Epidemiology and clinical course of pulmonary nodules\n## Rationale for SGLT2 inhibition","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To determine whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) can slow progression of early pulmonary malignancy presenting as persistent nodules.\"},{\"question\":\"How were patients selected and matched?\",\"answer\":\"In a retrospective cohort study, 200 adults with type 2 diabetes and a pulmonary nodule suspicious for lung cancer were matched based on exposure to SGLT2i versus an alternative diabetes medication.\"},{\"question\":\"What outcomes showed benefit with SGLT2 inhibitor use?\",\"answer\":\"SGLT2i use was associated with reduced nodule progression and a lower likelihood of requiring surgical intervention, along with longer time to progression and intervention.\"}]","SGLT2 inhibitor use reduces progression and surgical intervention of persistent pulmonary nodules | PDF",1790104893,43]