[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-46134-en":3,"doc-seo-46134-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},46134,1374391974468,"Eden","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",8,"Research & Report","Sexual Risk Attitudes and Behaviours among Young Adult Indonesians","Research examines how 18–24-year-old Indonesians with Javanese and Chinese backgrounds interpret sexual risk, condom use, and partner choices, using focus groups from ten Surabaya universities. Sex before marriage is viewed as increasingly acceptable, while condom use is linked mainly to pregnancy prevention and seen as infrequent for sexually transmissible infection (STI) prevention. Participants regard STI risk and effective disease management as relatively low, expect non-evidence strategies, and face uncertainties in condom negotiation and availability. Prevention must address knowledge gaps and condom resistance, especially in contexts involving sex workers and more affluent young men.","Sexual Risk Attitudes and Behaviours among Young Adult IndonesiansAuthor(s):Simon Simon and Susan J.Paxton  \nSource:Culture,Health &Sexuality,Vol.6,No.5(Sep.-Oct.,2004),pp.393-409Published by:Taylor &Francis,Ltd.  \nStable URL:https://www.jstor.org/stable/4005306Accessed:23-10-201908:07 UTC  \nREFERENCES  \nLinked references are available on JSTOR for this article:  \nhttps://www jstor.org/stable/4005306?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference\\#references_tab_contentsYou may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references.  \nJSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars,researchers,and students discover,use,and build upon a widerange of content in a trusted digital archive.We use information technology and tools to increase productivity andfacilitate new forms of scholarship.For more information about JSTOR,please contact support@jstor.org.  \nYour use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms &Conditions of Use,available athttps://about.jstor.org/terms  \nTaylor &Francis,Ltd.is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize,preserve and extend access toCulture,Health &Sexuality  \n# Sexual risk attitudes and behaviours among youngadult Indonesians\n\nSIMON SIMON and SUSAN J.PAXTON  \nThis research explored the beliefs of 18-24-year-old Indonesians of Javanese and Chinesebackground regarding perceptions of sexual behaviour and condom use.Participants werevolunteers from ten Surabaya universities.Twenty-five same gender and ethnic back-ground focus groups were conducted.Sex before marriage was believed to be becomingmore usual and acceptable among young adults,although parental and religiousdisapproval were recognized.Boyfriends and girlfriends were considered to be the mostusual sex partners.However,sex workers were believed to be moderately frequent partnersfor Chinese-Indonesian males.'Safe sex'was mainly associated with pregnancy prevention.The risk of contracting a sexually transmissible infection(STI)was regarded as low andcondoms were believed not to be used often for disease prevention.A number of ineffectivestrategies were believed to prevent or cure STIs,suggesting that STI preventioninterventions in Indonesia still need to emphasize improving knowledge.Ambiguities incondom provision and circumstances for use are likely to make negotiating condom usedifficult.Perceptions of the acceptability of use of sex workers amongst more affluentyoung males,and the negative attitudes towards condom use under these circumstances,suggest prevention interventions should particularly address this dangerous combination.  \n## Introduction\n\nUnderstanding attitudes towards sexual risk behaviour in Indonesia isincreasingly important.The human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)andthe acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)have become interna-tional health problems.The epidemic is growing significantly in Southand South-East Asia(UNAIDS 1998).As of September 2003,thetotal number of confirmed cases of HIV/AIDS in Indonesia was 3924(Directorate General CDC and EH 2003).The World Health Organization(WHO)has confirmed the low prevalence reported by Indonesianauthorities,but has warned of the possibility of misdiagnosis andunder-reporting.Indeed,UNAIDS (2000)estimates that 52,000 peoplewere living with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia at the end of 1999.In June2001,at the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS,the Indonesia Minister of Health and Social Welfare reported thatthere were approximately 120,000 Indonesians living with HIV/AIDS  \nSimon Simon is in the Department of Psychology at the University of Melbourne.Susan Paxton isa professor in the School of Psychological Science at La Trobe University,Melbourne.Allcorrespondence should be addressed to:Susan Paxton,School of Psychological Science,La TrobeUniversity,Melbourne 3086,Australia;e-mail:susan.paxton@latrobe.edu.au  \n(Indonesian National AIDS Commission Republic of Indonesia 2001,Indonesian Health Department 2002).In Indonesia,consistent with therest of the world,young people under","cbCaigVM3UW6Tr8A","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigVM3UW6Tr8A","pdf",562784,2,1,18,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Sexual risk context in Indonesia\n## HIV/AIDS and STI prevalence concerns\n## Vulnerability of young people and transmission pathways","[{\"question\":\"What groups and methods were used to study sexual risk attitudes among young Indonesians?\",\"answer\":\"The study used focus groups with volunteers aged 18–24 from ten Surabaya universities, totaling 25 same-gender and ethnic background groups.\"},{\"question\":\"How did participants typically understand “safe sex” and condoms?\",\"answer\":\"“Safe sex” was mainly associated with pregnancy prevention, while STI risk was regarded as low and condoms were believed to be used infrequently for disease prevention.\"},{\"question\":\"What attitudes or circumstances were viewed as making STI prevention especially difficult?\",\"answer\":\" Uncertainties about condom availability and the circumstances for use were expected to hinder condom negotiation, and negative attitudes toward condom use were noted in situations involving sex workers and more affluent young males.\"}]",1783471259,45,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"sexual-risk-attitudes-and-behaviours-among-young-adult-indonesians","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/sexual-risk-attitudes-and-behaviours-among-young-adult-indonesians/46134/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-11","2026-07-08",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What groups and methods were used to study sexual risk attitudes among young Indonesians?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The study used focus groups with volunteers aged 18–24 from ten Surabaya universities, totaling 25 same-gender and ethnic background groups.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How did participants typically understand “safe sex” and condoms?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"“Safe sex” was mainly associated with pregnancy prevention, while STI risk was regarded as low and condoms were believed to be used infrequently for disease prevention.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What attitudes or circumstances were viewed as making STI prevention especially difficult?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Uncertainties about condom availability and the circumstances for use were expected to hinder condom negotiation, and negative attitudes toward condom use were noted in situations involving sex workers and more affluent young males.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]