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Using a multi-kingdom analysis of more than 5,000 tumors across seven datasets, they identify and validate 22 taxa with consistent sex-biased abundance. Sex-differential microbes associate with distinct tumor transcriptomes, oncogenic pathways, and immune cell infiltration, linking female-enriched taxa to estrogen signaling and interferon responses. They further show that these microbes can modulate chemotherapy sensitivity and influence survival.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/sex-biased-intratumoral-microbiome-influences-tumor-molecular-and-immune-landscape-and-disease-outcomes-article-highlights/349204/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/sex-biased-intratumoral-microbiome-influences-tumor-molecular-and-immune-landscape-and-disease-outcomes-article-highlights/349204.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Adam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How do intratumoral microbiomes differ between males and females in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study finds sex-specific patterns in microbes residing inside tumors, with identifiable taxa showing consistent male- or female-biased abundance across multiple datasets.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What tumor features are associated with the sex-biased microbes?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Sex-differential taxa show cancer-type- and microbe-specific associations with tumor transcriptomes, oncogenic pathways, and immune cell infiltration.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Do the sex-biased microbes affect treatment response and outcomes?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Functional co-culture experiments indicate that sex-biased microbes can modulate chemotherapy sensitivity, and the work links certain microbial patterns to survival differences.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},349204,1790551447,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Article  \nSex-biased intratumoral microbiome influences tumor molecular and immune landscape and disease outcomes  \nGraphical abstract  \nHighlights  \n• Sex difference in intratumoral microbiome is evaluated in >5,000 tumors  \nAuthors  \nYuting Shan, Yingbo Huang, Adam Lee, ..., Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Emil Lou,  \nR. Stephanie Huang  \nCorrespondence  \n[rshuang@umn.edu](rshuang@umn.edu)  \nIn brief  \nShan et al. show that microbes living inside tumors differ between males and females and are associated with treatment response and disease outcomes. Their findings reveal a previously overlooked, sex-biased microbiome influence that may help explain cancer disparities and inform more personalized therapies.  \n• Reproducible sex-differential microbial taxa have been identified  \n• Male-and female-biased taxa show opposite link to estrogen and interferon pathway  \n• Sex-differential taxa alter cell response to drugs and patient survival  \nShan et al., 2026, Cell Reports Medicine 7, 102757  \nMay 19, 2026 © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102757](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102757)  \nll  \nll  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nArticle  \nSex-biased intratumoral microbiome influences tumor molecular and immune landscape and disease outcomes  \nYuting Shan,1 Yingbo Huang,1 Adam Lee,1 Radwa M. Elmorsi,1,2 Tuyen Phan,1 Indrajit Chaudhury,3 Tom Corbiere,3 Lindsey B. Collins,1 Elizabeth B. Hirsch,1 Benjamin A. Weinberg,4 Jennifer M. Johnson,5 Emmanuel S. Antonarakis,6 Emil Lou,6,7 and R. Stephanie Huang1,6,8,*  \n1Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA  \n2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt  \n3Caris Life Sciences, Irving, TX, USA  \n4Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA  \n5Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA  \n6Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA  \n7Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA  \n8Lead contact  \n*Correspondence: [rshuang@umn.edu](rshuang@umn.edu)[ ](rshuang@umn.edu)[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102757](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102757)  \nSUMMARY  \nThe intratumoral microbiome is increasingly recognized as a regulator of cancer biology, yet sex-specific patterns and their relevance to cancer disparities remain poorly understood. We perform a multi-kingdom analysis of more than 5,000 tumors from seven datasets to identify sex-differential microbial taxa across aerodigestive and gastrointestinal cancers. We identify and validate 22 taxa with consistent sex-biased abundance, including in real-world cohort. These microbes show cancer-type-and microbe-specific associations with tumor transcriptomes, oncogenic pathways, and immune cell infiltration. Female-enriched microbes are linked to increased estrogen signaling and interferon responses, whereas male-enriched taxa show opposing patterns. In gastric cancer, intratumoral Epstein-Barr virus is enriched in males and associated with higher CD8+ T cell infiltration and improved survival. Functional co-culture experiments demonstrate that sex-biased microbes modulate chemotherapy sensitivity. Together, these findings reveal a sex-biased intratumoral microbiome axis that shapes tumor phenotypes and disease outcomes, highlighting opportunities for microbiota-guided, sex-aware approaches in oncology.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nPatients with solid tumor malignancies exhibit significant sex differences in disease susceptibility, progression, treatment response, and survival outcomes. Various intrinsic (e.g. , hormone level) and extrinsic factors (e.g. , environment) have been studied to improve the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these differences, wit","cbCairUhJd8GGjYb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairUhJd8GGjYb","pdf",6764397,22,"English","# Summary\n# Highlights\n# In brief\n# Summary\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"How do intratumoral microbiomes differ between males and females in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study finds sex-specific patterns in microbes residing inside tumors, with identifiable taxa showing consistent male- or female-biased abundance across multiple datasets.\"},{\"question\":\"What tumor features are associated with the sex-biased microbes?\",\"answer\":\"Sex-differential taxa show cancer-type- and microbe-specific associations with tumor transcriptomes, oncogenic pathways, and immune cell infiltration.\"},{\"question\":\"Do the sex-biased microbes affect treatment response and outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Functional co-culture experiments indicate that sex-biased microbes can modulate chemotherapy sensitivity, and the work links certain microbial patterns to survival differences.\"}]","Sex-biased intratumoral microbiome influences tumor molecular and immune landscape and disease outcomes - Article Highlights | PDF",1790082203,55]