[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-324885-105":59,"doc-detail-324885-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","service-sector-wagesthe-importance-of-education","Service-Sector Wages:the Importance of Education","","Employment growth in U.S. service-producing industries has outpaced goods-producing industries since the mid-1950s, with manufacturing productivity gains and rising demand for services driving the shift. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show large job gains in FIRE, trade, and broader services, while manufacturing has shed more than 100,000 workers. The commentary examines how education levels affect wage outcomes in both service and manufacturing sectors and why displaced workers’ skills may influence competition for fast-growing service jobs.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/service-sector-wagesthe-importance-of-education/324885/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/service-sector-wagesthe-importance-of-education/324885.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Theodora","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why have service-producing industries grown faster than goods-producing industries?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Service-industry growth has outpaced goods-producing growth since detailed service data collection began in the mid-1950s. Manufacturing productivity gains and increased demand for services contribute to the difference.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What jobs or wages are emerging in the rapidly growing service sector?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Many new service-sector jobs offer competitive wages, especially those requiring relatively scarce skills. At the same time, other service industries remain low-wage with sluggish wage growth.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does education affect wage levels and competitiveness in the service sector?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The commentary argues that higher levels of schooling investment are likely necessary for displaced manufacturing workers to compete for the rapidly growing, relatively higher-paying service jobs. The labor market’s demand for basic education is linked to greater compensation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},324885,1790232654,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},687197207919,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552","by John R.Swinton  \nEmployment growth in the ser-vice-producing industries has out-paced growth in goods-producingindustries since the governmentbegan collecting detailed data onthe service industries in the mid-1950s.Productivity gains in themanufacturing sector and an ex-plosion in the demand for servicesboth share in the responsibility forthis increased growth.  \nAccording to the U.S.Bureau ofLabor Statistics,manufacturing haslost more than 100,000 workers inthis decade.In contrast,finance,in-surance,and real estate(FIRE)ser-vices have increased employmentby 1.4 million,trade industries haveadded more than 4 million jobs,and the service industries haveswelled by more than 6 millionworkers.Even though manufactur-ing industries are now regainingsome of the strength they lost ear-lier in the decade,the service sectorcontinues to dominate employmentgrowth.  \nWhat kind of jobs are being createdin this surge of service-sectoremployment?One popular image ofthe transition from manufacturing toservices is that of the factoryworker,laid off from his $20 per-hour job,accepting a minimum-  \n# Service-Sector Wages:theImportance of Education\n\nwage job flipping hamburgers inorder to support his family.Such ascenario is undoubtedly dismal,interms of both underutilized humancapital and lost income  \nThe view that service jobs areuniformly low-wage and that mostmanufacturing jobs pay well is over-ly simplistic,however.A large num-ber of high-paying service jobs areavailable for sklled workers.Thereal issue is whether displacedmanufacturing workers can obtainthese jobs with their current skills.  \nThis Economic Commentary looksat one aspect of the difference inmanufacturing-and service-sectorskills by examining education levelsand their effect on wage levels inboth sectors.The evidence suggeststhat an increased investment inhigher levels of schooling will benecessary in order for manufacturing workers to compete in the rapid-ly growing service sector.  \n## ■ What Is the Service Sector:Industry or Occupation?\n\nThe service-producing sector is aneclectic mixture of loosely con-nected industries.In addition to theindustries that fall under the narrowStandard Industrial Classification(SIC)category of services,the sec-  \nDecember 15,1988  \nMany of the new jobs in therapidly growing service sectoroffer wages that are competitivewith the best manufacturingjobs.These service jobs requirerelatively scarce skills,however.The current labor marketdemands higher levels of basiceducation in return for greatercompensation.  \ntor also includes wholesale andretail trade and FIRE services.Some economists even includegovernment workers and transpor-tation,communication,and publicutility(TCPU)workers  \nEven the narrow definition of ser-vices encompasses a wide spec-trum,ranging from medical tojanitorial.The feature that unitesthese disparate industries is the lackof a tangible,storable commodityas a final product.This viewpoint,however,fails to recognize that thegoods-producing sector requiresmany services as inputs and thatthe service-producing sector re-quires many goods as inputs.  \nAn important observation is that oc-cupations within industries oftencross over into seemingly different  \nindustry categories.Within anymanufacturing industry,for ex-ample,are a number of occupationsconsidered service jobs,such asnurse,lawyer,or cafeteria worker.Thus,a worker performing a ser-vice may still be classified within amanufacturing industry.In fact,roughly 38 percent of all workers inmanufacturing have occupationsthat may be considered service-producing.  \nTherefore,it is evident that serviceproduction has been an integralinput in our economy for sometime.It is equally evident that anyconsideration of the service sectorshould examine both service in-dustries and service occupations,orshould explicitly state which of thetwo is the topic of inquiry.  \n## ■ Wages and Wage Growth inthe Service Sector\n\nAverage hourly wages in differentindustries have grown at differentrates,","cbCaitBpprK6nq0N","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitBpprK6nq0N","pdf",1125386,"English","# Service-Sector Wages:the Importance of Education\n## What Is the Service Sector:Industry or Occupation?\n## Wages and Wage Growth in the Service Sector","[{\"question\":\"Why have service-producing industries grown faster than goods-producing industries?\",\"answer\":\"Service-industry growth has outpaced goods-producing growth since detailed service data collection began in the mid-1950s. Manufacturing productivity gains and increased demand for services contribute to the difference.\"},{\"question\":\"What jobs or wages are emerging in the rapidly growing service sector?\",\"answer\":\"Many new service-sector jobs offer competitive wages, especially those requiring relatively scarce skills. At the same time, other service industries remain low-wage with sluggish wage growth.\"},{\"question\":\"How does education affect wage levels and competitiveness in the service sector?\",\"answer\":\"The commentary argues that higher levels of schooling investment are likely necessary for displaced manufacturing workers to compete for the rapidly growing, relatively higher-paying service jobs. The labor market’s demand for basic education is linked to greater compensation.\"}]","Service-Sector Wages:the Importance of Education | PDF",1789969132,13]