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A study measured serum levels of the long non-coding RNA HOTAIR and microRNA-646 in 71 EC patients and 62 matched healthy controls using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Serum HOTAIR was significantly higher in EC, supporting diagnostic potential. miR-646 overall did not differ, but decreased in advanced clinical T stages, suggesting progression association. ROC analyses identified HOTAIR and miR-646 cut-offs for distinguishing disease stages.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/serum-expression-levels-of-hotair-and-mir-646-in-endometrial-cancer/459953/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/serum-expression-levels-of-hotair-and-mir-646-in-endometrial-cancer/459953.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mabel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What biomarkers were evaluated in serum for endometrial cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study assessed serum expression of the long non-coding RNA HOTAIR and microRNA-646 (miR-646) in EC patients and matched healthy controls.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did HOTAIR expression differ between EC patients and healthy controls?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Serum HOTAIR expression was significantly increased in EC patients compared with healthy controls, indicating potential diagnostic value.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What was the relationship between miR-646 and disease progression?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Overall miR-646 levels did not significantly differ between EC patients and controls, but miR-646 was notably reduced in patients with advanced clinical T stages compared with early stages, linking it to progression.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},459953,1791173418,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},7971474920318,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000ee537e6b0ca360?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1788430171632181674","ONCOLOGY LETTERS 31: 90, 2026  \nSerum expression levels of HOTAIR and miR‑646 in  \nendometrial cancer  \nRIZKİ HARİSMUNANDAR 1 , HANDE KARPUZOĞLU 1 , YAĞMURMİNARECİ2 , HAMDULLAH SÖZEN2 , SAMET TOPUZ2 , CANAN KÜÇÜKGERGİN 1 and A. FATİHAYDIN 1  \n1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey  \nReceived July 14, 2025; Accepted October 13, 2025  \nDOI: 10. 3892/ol.2025.15443  \nAbstract. Endometrial cancer (EC) is the fourth most common malignancy in women in high‑income countries and the sixth globally, with ~417,000 new cases and ~97,370 mortalities reported worldwide in 2020. Its incidence has increased by >130% over the past 30 years, due to advances in FIGO‑based staging systems and earlier detection. However effective non‑invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis and staging are limited. Non‑coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particu‑ larly long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRs), are critical regulators in the biology of cancer, and may poten‑ tially serve as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In the present study, serum levels of the lncRNA Hox antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) and the miR‑646 were evaluated in 71 patients with EC and 62 matched healthy controls using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. The results showed that the serum HOTAIR expression level was significantly increased in patients with EC compared with controls . This suggested that it may have potential as a diagnostic biomarker. Although overall miR‑646 levels did not differ significantly between patients with EC and healthy controls, a notable reduction in miR‑646 levels were observed inpatients with advanced clinical T stages compared with those with early stages. This indicated an association with disease progression. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated that a serum HOTAIR level of 1.08 may distinguish patients with EC from healthy controls with 63.3% sensitivity and 61.2% specificity. Additionally, a miR‑646 cut‑off value of 0.655 differentiated patients with advanced‑stage from early‑stage EC with 72.7% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity.  \nCorrespondence to: Dr Hande Karpuzoğlu, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 118 Turgut Özal Millet Street, Fatih, Istanbul 34093, Turkey  \nE‑[mail: handekarpuzoglu@yahoo.com.tr](mail: handekarpuzoglu@yahoo.com.tr)  \nKey words: endometrial cancer, long non‑coding RNA, Hox antisense intergenic RNA, microRNA‑646, serum biomarkers, non‑coding RNAs  \nThese findings suggested that serum HOTAIR may be a potential diagnostic biomarker and that miR‑646 may be a potential indicator of disease progression in EC. However, further validation in larger patient cohorts and investigation of exosomal expression levels are necessary in order to assess the potential clinical relevance and therapeutic potential of HOTAIR and miR‑646 .  \nIntroduction  \nEndometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignan‑ cies in women, ranking fourth in high‑income countries and sixth globally, with ~417,000 new cases diagnosed worldwide in 2020. Its incidence has increased by >130% over the past three decades, with ~97,370 mortalities reported worldwide in 2020 (1) . Risk factors for EC include obesity, a high glycaemic index diet, early menarche, late menopause, advanced age, diabetes, the use of oestrogen, nulliparity, polycystic ovary syndrome and a sedentary lifestyle (2‑4) . Prolonged expo‑ sure to unopposed oestrogen, particularly through hormone replacement therapy without concomitant progestin, increases the risk of developing EC by 4.5‑8.0‑fold (2). The pathogenesis of EC is categorised into two primary subtypes in a study by Bokhman (5) . Type I is associated with oestrogen and offers a more favourable prognosis, whereas type II represents a high‑grade variant with a poorer prognosis","cbCaipeZ2g8DItt8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipeZ2g8DItt8","pdf",1725625,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What biomarkers were evaluated in serum for endometrial cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The study assessed serum expression of the long non-coding RNA HOTAIR and microRNA-646 (miR-646) in EC patients and matched healthy controls.\"},{\"question\":\"How did HOTAIR expression differ between EC patients and healthy controls?\",\"answer\":\"Serum HOTAIR expression was significantly increased in EC patients compared with healthy controls, indicating potential diagnostic value.\"},{\"question\":\"What was the relationship between miR-646 and disease progression?\",\"answer\":\"Overall miR-646 levels did not significantly differ between EC patients and controls, but miR-646 was notably reduced in patients with advanced clinical T stages compared with early stages, linking it to progression.\"}]","Serum expression levels of HOTAIR and miR-646 in endometrial cancer | PDF",1790757342,25]