[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-338604-105":59,"doc-detail-338604-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","serum-and-plasma-as-a-good-candidates-of-body-fluids-for-detection-lung-cancer-by-ftir-liquid-biopsy","Serum and plasma as a good candidates of body fluids for detection lung cancer by FTIR liquid biopsy","","Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) enables measurement of chemical composition and detection of biochemical profile changes in tissues, cells, and body fluids during disease onset and progression. Because blood-based biospectroscopy is accessible and supports frequent analyses, serum and plasma have been investigated as alternative biofluids for lung cancer detection. This study uses FTIR on serum and plasma from lung cancer patients and symptom-free controls, then applies machine learning algorithms to identify which fluid better improves detection performance.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/serum-and-plasma-as-a-good-candidates-of-body-fluids-for-detection-lung-cancer-by-ftir-liquid-biopsy/338604/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/serum-and-plasma-as-a-good-candidates-of-body-fluids-for-detection-lung-cancer-by-ftir-liquid-biopsy/338604.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Theodora","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are serum and plasma considered for lung cancer detection in FTIR studies?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Serum and plasma are accessible and allow frequent biochemical analyses, making them suitable biofluids for biospectroscopy-based diagnostics.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the FTIR spectra analyzed to compare serum and plasma?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"FTIR spectra from serum and plasma were analyzed using machine learning, including principal component analysis (PCA), to differentiate cancer patients from controls.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Do the results show a clear difference between serum and plasma performance?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"No clear performance difference between serum and plasma was found using the applied methods, while both fluids supported detection through the fingerprint spectral range.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},338604,1790449238,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},687197207919,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nSerum and plasma as a good candidates of body fluids for detection lung cancer by FTIR liquid biopsy  \nJolanta Smok-Kalwat1􀀍, Stanisław Góźdź1,2, Paweł Macek2,3, Zuzanna Kalwat3, Maryna Khalavka4, Wioletta Rzad5, Andrzej Stepulak6 & Joanna Depciuch6,7􀀍  \nUsing Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), it is possible to show chemical composition of materials and / or profile chemical changes occurring in tissues, cells, and body fluids during onset and progression of diseases. For diagnostic application, the use of blood would be the most appropriate in biospectroscopy studies since,(i) it is easily accessible and,(ii) enables frequent analyses of biochemical changes occurring in pathological states. At present, different studies have investigated potential of serum, plasma and sputum being alternative biofluids for lung cancer detection using  \nFTIR. However, until now, it has not been shown which biofluid; among serum and plasma, that can serve as the best material medium for detecting lung cancer with highest levels of accuracy. In this study, plasma and serum isolated from blood consenting participants without lung cancer symptoms (controls) and lung cancer patients. The samples were measured using FTIR and subsequently analyzed by machine learning (ML) algorithms in order to show which fluids (serum or plasma) would better enhance detection of lung cancer. Higher absorbances values of PO2−, CH2, CH3 and amides vibrations in FTIR spectra of both serum and plasma samples, collected from lung cancer patients were observed in comparison to individuals without lung cancer symptoms (controls) . Principal component analysis (PCA) of FTIR spectra showed plasma and serum samples collected from lung cancer patients and individuals without lung cancer symptoms were better differentiated in fingerprinting region (from 800 to 1800 cm− 1 ) when compared to lipid region (2800–3000 cm− 1 ) . Moreover, also sensitivity specificity and accuracy calculated by logistic regression (LR) and receive operating characteristic (ROC) showed higher values for fingerprint range (800–1800 cm− 1 ) in comparison with lipids (2800–3000 cm− 1 ) one for both, serum and plasma. However, using these methods differences between serum and plasma were not existed. From the all obtained results, it was visible, that both fluids could be used in detected lung cancer using FTIR. Moreover, it was also showed that fingerprint range gave a better distinction between the studied patient groups than the lipid range. This was noticeable for both serum and plasma.  \nKeywords Lung cancer, FTIR-ATR, Serum, Plasma, Machine learning  \nFourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a technique used for chemical characterization of samples and for detection of chemical differences between samples1. FTIR is a non-invasive method, which means that samples are not destroyed. Moreover, FTIR is a non-expensive and very fast analysis method for samples in all physical states2, however samples with water should be dried. The above-mentioned features prove that FTIR is a practically universal method that allows analysis of samples of various origins. Consequently, plants3, nanoparticles4, oxides5, oils6 and others can be assayed using FTIR spectroscopy. Biological materials such as  \n1Department of Clinical Oncology, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, 3 Artwinskiego Street, 25–734 Kielce, Poland.  \n2Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25–317 Kielce, Poland. 3Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25–734 Kielce, Poland. 4Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20–093 Lublin, Poland. 5Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20–093 Lublin, Poland. 6Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of L","cbCaih38dTtXgEGX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaih38dTtXgEGX","pdf",1810243,"English","# Introduction\n# Methods and analysis\n## FTIR spectroscopy\n## Machine learning classification\n## PCA and ROC/LR evaluation\n# Results and conclusions","[{\"question\":\"Why are serum and plasma considered for lung cancer detection in FTIR studies?\",\"answer\":\"Serum and plasma are accessible and allow frequent biochemical analyses, making them suitable biofluids for biospectroscopy-based diagnostics.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the FTIR spectra analyzed to compare serum and plasma?\",\"answer\":\"FTIR spectra from serum and plasma were analyzed using machine learning, including principal component analysis (PCA), to differentiate cancer patients from controls.\"},{\"question\":\"Do the results show a clear difference between serum and plasma performance?\",\"answer\":\"No clear performance difference between serum and plasma was found using the applied methods, while both fluids supported detection through the fingerprint spectral range.\"}]","Serum and plasma as a good candidates of body fluids for detection lung cancer by FTIR liquid biopsy | PDF",1790024436,25]