[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-205647-105":59,"doc-detail-205647-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","sense-of-competence-as-mediator-on-parenting-stress","Sense of Competence as Mediator on Parenting Stress","","Parenting stress in mothers of children with special needs is shaped by multiple interacting factors, including mothers’ hardiness, perceptions of social support, child maladaptive behaviors, and a parenting sense of competence. This study tested a structural model with 256 mothers using structural equation modeling and post-hoc comparisons by type of disability. Results show direct effects of all five variables on parenting stress, with parenting sense of competence mediating the hardiness–stress link and higher stress in autism spectrum disorder.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/sense-of-competence-as-mediator-on-parenting-stress/205647/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/sense-of-competence-as-mediator-on-parenting-stress/205647.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Cart","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-05",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What factors contribute to parenting stress in mothers of children with special needs?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Parenting stress is directly influenced by hardiness, social support, child’s maladaptive behavior, and parenting sense of competence.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does parenting sense of competence relate to hardiness and parenting stress?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The relationship between hardiness and parenting stress is mediated by parenting sense of competence.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Do parenting stress levels differ by the type of children’s disabilities?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Mothers raising children with autism spectrum disorder show higher parenting stress than those raising children with other types of special need.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},205647,1788581903,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},18829141979164,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","[Send Orders for Reprints to reprints@benthamscience.ae](Send Orders for Reprints to reprints@benthamscience.ae)  \n198  \n\n| | \u003Cbr>The Open Psychology Journal\u003Cbr>Content list available [at: www.benthamopen.com/TOPSYJ/](at: www.benthamopen.com/TOPSYJ/)\u003Cbr>[DOI: 10.2174/1874350101811010198](DOI: 10.2174/1874350101811010198), 2018, 11, 198-209\u003Cbr>|  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \u003Cbr>RESEARCH ARTICLE |  |  |  |  |\n| Sense of Competence as Mediator on Parenting Stress |  |  |  |  |\n| Nurussakinah Daulay 1,2,*, Neila Ramdhani 1 and Noor Rochman Hadjam 1 |  |  |  |  |\n| 1Department of Psychology, |  | Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia |  |  |\n| 2Department of Counseling, |  | Universitas Islam Negeri, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia |  |  |\n| Received: August 20, 2018 |  | Revised: September 26, 2018 |  | Accepted: October 17, 2018 |\n| Abstract:\u003Cbr>Background:\u003Cbr>Mothers who have children with special needs are prone to parenting stress due to the limitations of the children.\u003Cbr>Objectives:\u003Cbr>This study aimed to test the contributions of hardiness, social support and child’s maladaptive behaviors as mediated by parenting sense of competence to parenting stress in mothers of children with special-need.\u003Cbr>Methods:\u003Cbr>The participants of this study were 256 mothers. Five variables used were hardiness, social support, child’s maladaptive behavior, parenting sense of competence, and parenting stress, which shaped the structural model of the study. The data of this study were analyzed in two stages, using a structural equation modeling to assess a full model and post-hoc analysis to assess the differences of parenting stress based on types of the children’s disabilities.\u003Cbr>Results:\u003Cbr>The results: 1) parenting stress was directly influenced by hardiness, social support, child’s maladaptive behavior, and parenting sense of competence; 2) The relationship between hardiness and parenting stress was mediated by parenting sense of competence; 3) the mothers having children with autism spectrum disorder went through parenting stress higher than those raising children with other types of special need.\u003Cbr>Conclusion:\u003Cbr>The importance of parenting sense of competence as the mediator variable is discussed The determinant of parenting stress is directly affected by a child’s maladaptive behavior that has a positive correlation with parenting stress. The hardiness and parenting sense of competence as mother’s internal strength has a negative correlation with parenting stress, and so do the social support as external strength.\u003Cbr>Keywords: Parenting stress, Social support, Hardiness, Parenting sense of competence, Maladaptive behavior, Autism. |  |  |  |  |\n| 1. INTRODUCTION\u003Cbr>Parenting stress is perceived as a stressing condition experienced by parents due to the discrepancy between parents’expectation of their children and the factual condition. Parents having children with special needs are prone to parenting stress. Parenting stress can affect a mother’s attitude and behaviors towards her child, for example, the mother being less affectionate when interacting with her child [1], and so tired that she cannot effectively nurture her child [2] . In this case, parenting tends to be authoritarian and strict [3], making her feel incompetent in taking care of her child [4] . Such |  |  |  |  |\n\n* Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Counseling, Universitas Islam Negeri, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia; Tel:+6285297079060; E-mail: [nurussakinah@uinsu.ac.id](nurussakinah@uinsu.ac.id)  \n1874-3501/18 2018 Bentham Open  \nSense of Competence as Mediator The Open Psychology Journal , 2018, Volume 11 199  \ncondition of a mother certainly then makes the growth of her child less optimum [5, 6]. Given that the issue of parenting stress is very important, this study has tested some variables supposedly determining the surfacing of parenting stress in mothers having children with special needs.  \nThe number of children wit","cbCaitH5EyVIyEBH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitH5EyVIyEBH","pdf",410503,12,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Objectives\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What factors contribute to parenting stress in mothers of children with special needs?\",\"answer\":\"Parenting stress is directly influenced by hardiness, social support, child’s maladaptive behavior, and parenting sense of competence.\"},{\"question\":\"How does parenting sense of competence relate to hardiness and parenting stress?\",\"answer\":\"The relationship between hardiness and parenting stress is mediated by parenting sense of competence.\"},{\"question\":\"Do parenting stress levels differ by the type of children’s disabilities?\",\"answer\":\"Mothers raising children with autism spectrum disorder show higher parenting stress than those raising children with other types of special need.\"}]","Sense of Competence as Mediator on Parenting Stress | PDF"]